Improved efficiency of NiOx-based p-i-n perovskite solar cells by using PTEG-1 as electron transport layer

Abstract

We present efficient p-i-n type perovskite solar cells using NiOx as the hole transport layer and a fulleropyrrolidine with a triethylene glycol monoethyl ether side chain (PTEG-1) as electron transport layer. This electron transport layer leads to higher power conversion efficiencies compared to perovskite solar cells with PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester). The improved performance of PTEG-1 devices is attributed to the reduced trap-assisted recombination and improved charge extraction in these solar cells, as determined by light intensity dependence and photoluminescence measurements. Through optimization of the hole and electron transport layers, the power conversion efficiency of the NiOx/perovskite/PTEG-1 solar cells was increased up to 16.1%.

Scalable fabrication of high-quality crystalline and stable FAPbI3thin films by combining doctor-blade coating and the cation exchange reaction

“…Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductors are of very high interest to the semiconductor community due to their superior photophysical properties and their ever-increasing significance for optoelectronic and other electronic applications. [1][2][3][4] Thin films of metal halide perovskites have been used extensively as light absorbers in photovoltaics [5][6][7][8] with a certified record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.7%. 9 Other optoelectronic devices in which perovskite semiconductors have been investigated and that have demonstrated outstanding performances include light-emitting diodes, [10][11][12] light-emitting field-effect transistors, [13][14][15][16] lasers, 17-20 photodetectors [21][22][23][24][25] and X-ray detectors.…”

Effect of the Device Architecture on the Performance of FA0.85MA0.15PbBr0.45I2.55 Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Some of the outstanding photophysical properties include high optical absorption coefficient, long charge carrier lifetimes, high carrier mobilities, long diffusion lengths, low trap densities, and broadly tunable bandgaps from the visible to the near‐infrared . Optoelectronic devices such as light‐emitting diodes, lasers, light emitting field‐effect transistors, photodetectors, and photovoltaics have all been realized with many of them increasingly gaining intense research attention. In particular, organic‐inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have for the past few years attracted an unprecedented interest due to their ever increasing record efficiency which now stands at a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.7% from the initial value of 3.8% recorded in 2009 …”

“…Lastly, different device architectures have been utilized. Depending on which electrode is on the glass substrate or which charge‐selective material is encountered first by the light, two primary device architectures can be classified: conventional (n‐i‐p) and inverted (p‐i‐n) device architectures. Thus, whereas in the conventional device architecture the electron‐extracting electrode encounters the light first, in the inverted device architecture, the hole‐extracting electrode is the first.…”

New thiophene-based C60 fullerene derivatives as efficient electron transporting materials for perovskite solar cells

“…2–5 To find more viable and efficient PSC device-configurations, the inverted structures are very promising due to their easy fabrication 6, 7 and relatively high PCEs (21.0%, highest certified value), 8 among other reasons. Inverted structures are typically fabricated using a transparent indium tin oxide electrode or fluorinated tin oxide (ITO or FTO, respectively), 9, 10 a hole transporting layer (HTL) of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), 11 nickel oxide (NiO x ) 12 or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), 8 followed by the perovskite layer, 6 the electron transporting layer (ETL, mainly fullerenes), 6 and the back metal electrode (Al or Ag). 13, 14 The ETL not only extracts and transports the electrons from the perovskite layer to the back electrode, it also avoids water intrusion from the environment to the perovskite layer, thus retarding perovskite degradation.…”