Improved Electrocatalysts for Ammonia Fuel Cell Anodes

McKee, D.W.; Scarpellino, A. J.; Danzig, I. F.; Pak, Magnolia

doi:10.1149/1.2411963

Cited by 56 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As a starting point for our ammonia fuel-cell research program, the work of Simons, et al, (1969) and McKee, et al, (1969), all at General Electric, on a high-performance ammonia cell was replicated and improved. The General Electric cell used a porous, conducting electrode constructed by sintering a mixture of finely divided Teflon and the catalyst at 350 0 C and high pressure [Niedrach and Alford, 1965].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Teflon-bound nickel (as a control electrode), and possibly platinum-iridium alloy [McKee, 1969] and platinum-ruthenium alloy [Gliner and Moser, 1972]. The performance curves at controlled but variable temperatures will be determined.…”

Section: -18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The long-term goal of our research program is to develop a highly active yet inexpensive anode catalyst for ammonia-fueled traction/propulsion fuel cells. Our near-term objective, which will be continued at Seiler Lab and then transferred to Colorado School of Mines when external funding is obtained, is as follows:(1) We will construct several additional electrodes, including 9-18 platinum-on-carbon of varying platinum loading, palladium -on-carbon, pureTeflon-bound nickel (as a control electrode), and possibly platinum-iridium alloy [McKee, 1969] and platinum-ruthenium alloy [Gliner and Moser, 1972]. The performance curves at controlled but variable temperatures will be determined.…”

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USAF Summer Research Program - 1994 Graduate Student Research Program Final Reports, Volume 11, AEDC, FJSRL, and WHMC.

Moore¹

1994

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, incdudii gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send com )Ilection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directoras Dynamic re-synthesis of an executing system is supported, allowing the system structure to adapt to the external or internal environment. The paper describes an application of these techniques to a large, high performance parallel instrumentation system used for analysis of turbine engine strain gauge signals produced during altitude testing. The unique features of this approach include: explicit domain-specific declarative models; graphical representation of models; multiple aspect models; automatic specification of the necessary hardware architecture; and on-line re-synthesis of dynamic systems. 1-2 MODEL-BASED SOFTWARE SYNTHESIS FOR LARGE SYSTEMSBen A. Abbott IntroductionOne of the most challenging problems in software engineering is to build large, high-performance systems that must perform continuous interaction with their environment. The behavior of these reactive systems is typically complex, concurrent, and non-deterministic. This makes them difficult to build.Automatic program synthesis is one of the prime disciplines that can contribute to the advancement of the software engineering of reactive systems. The technique has been successfully applied to a specific "real-world" application: a large-scale, parallel instrumentation system, called Computer Assisted Dynamic Data Analysis and Monitoring System (CADDMAS). The CADDMAS system was developed in cooperation with the US Air Force at Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC). The software synthesized is a complex, reactive, signal processing system running on a heterogeneous network of nearly 100 processors. TerminologyBefore describing the software synthesis technique utilized, the main terms and concepts used in automatic program synthesis, reactive systems, and model-based systems are briefly defined and discussed. In some cases, the definitions are constrained to the specific needs of this paper. Parallel Instrumentation SystemParallel Instrumentation systems use multiple computers to cooperatively convert a set of acquired input signals into a more desirable format. The need for a parallel system as 1-3 opposed to a single processor system can be a result of the raw data rate requirements, or as a result of the number of simultaneous input signals that must be processed. Reactive SystemsMost Instrumentation Systems have their behavior driven by external inputs. In such cases, they may be classified as reactive systems (26]: embedded real-time systems characterized by continuous interaction with their environment. Process monitoring and control systems, and real-time signal processing systems are typical examples of this category. The complexity, concurrency, and non-deterministic behavior of reactive sys...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -18mentioning

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USAF Summer Research Program - 1994 Graduate Student Research Program Final Reports, Volume 11, AEDC, FJSRL, and WHMC.

Moore¹

1994

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“…They concluded that only Pt and Ir combine a good capability to dehydrogenate ammonia with a low affinity to produce Nad. In another study, a Pt-Ir powder mixture (50 wt.%) impregnated in Teflon and painted on a platinum screen was found to provide much lower overpotentials for the oxidation of ammonia than platinum black [44]. However, in these studies, a very high loading of precious metal catalysts was used (up to 51 mg/cm²) rendering them uneconomical for fuel cell use.…”

Section: Electrolysis Of Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia as a Hydrogen Source for Fuel Cells: A Review

Cheddie¹

2012

Hydrogen Energy - Challenges and Perspectives

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“…In these systems ammonia gas diffuses through a gas permeable hydrophobic membrane (mainly PTFE-polytetrafluoro ethylene) into a recipient solution where ammonia can be detected by means of a simple and inexpensive detection technique like colorimetric, pH indicator [4,5], a NH 4 + ion selective electrode [6] or a pH sensor [7,8]. The oxidation of ammonia in alkaline solution by an electrochemical method has been the subject of continuous investigations [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthraquinone functionalized carbon composite electrode: Application to ammonia sensing

Ramakrishnappa¹,

Malingappa²,

Nagaraju³

2011

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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a b s t r a c tA simple strategy has been used to covalently modify the glassy carbon spheres with anthraquinone moieties through the diazonium salt reduction. The derivatized glassy carbon spheres were used to modify the basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode by immobilizing them on its surface and examining its electrochemical behaviour. The composite electrode has been used to detect trace level ammonia in the concentration range 5 × 10 −8 to 3 × 10 −5 M and it was successfully applied to detect low levels of ammonia present in natural samples like urine and soil.

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Improved Electrocatalysts for Ammonia Fuel Cell Anodes

Cited by 56 publications

References 13 publications

USAF Summer Research Program - 1994 Graduate Student Research Program Final Reports, Volume 11, AEDC, FJSRL, and WHMC.

USAF Summer Research Program - 1994 Graduate Student Research Program Final Reports, Volume 11, AEDC, FJSRL, and WHMC.

Ammonia as a Hydrogen Source for Fuel Cells: A Review

Anthraquinone functionalized carbon composite electrode: Application to ammonia sensing

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