Improved electrochemical performance of amorphous TiS₃ electrodes compared to its crystal for all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries

Abstract

Crystalline and amorphous TiS 3 active materials were prepared. The all-solid-state lithium secondary batteries with crystalline and amorphous TiS 3 showed the initial discharge capacity of about 560 mAh g ¹1 , corresponding to the theoretical capacity of TiS 3 . However, the battery using crystalline TiS 3 had an irreversible capacity at the 1st cycle. The battery showed the reversible capacity of about 400 mAh g ¹1 from the 2nd to 10th cycle. On the other hand, irreversible capacities were not observed for 10 cycles in the battery with amorphous TiS 3 . The structural changes of crystalline and amorphous TiS 3 were observed by XRD and HR-TEM during cycling. Crystalline TiS 3 became partially amorphous during the cycling. Amorphous TiS 3 maintained amorphous state for 10 cycles and thus had the better cyclability compared to crystalline TiS 3 .

Structure analyses using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure for amorphous MS3 (M: Ti, Mo) electrodes in all-solid-state lithium batteries

“…In case of a-TiS 3 electrode active materials, the XRD patterns and the Raman spectra of the a-TiS 3 electrode after the first and tenth charge-discharge measurements were similar to those before the measurement [20,21]. In addition, the HR-TEM images after the 10th charge-discharge tests showed no periodic lattice fringes, indicating that the a-TiS 3 electrode after 10 cycles did not have fine crystals with nanometer size [21]. The most part of a-TiS 3 electrode after charge-discharge measurements maintained amorphous structure.…”

“…Amorphous MS 3 (M: Ti and Mo) electrode active materials are thus effective in developing all-solid-state lithium batteries with higher reversible capacity and better cyclability. In order to understand the reaction mechanisms of amorphous MS 3 electrodes in all-solid-state lithium cells, the structural changes of amorphous MS 3 during cycling tests have been examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) [20][21][22]. In case of a-TiS 3 electrode active materials, the XRD patterns and the Raman spectra of the a-TiS 3 electrode after the first and tenth charge-discharge measurements were similar to those before the measurement [20,21].…”

“…In order to understand the reaction mechanisms of amorphous MS 3 electrodes in all-solid-state lithium cells, the structural changes of amorphous MS 3 during cycling tests have been examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) [20][21][22]. In case of a-TiS 3 electrode active materials, the XRD patterns and the Raman spectra of the a-TiS 3 electrode after the first and tenth charge-discharge measurements were similar to those before the measurement [20,21]. In addition, the HR-TEM images after the 10th charge-discharge tests showed no periodic lattice fringes, indicating that the a-TiS 3 electrode after 10 cycles did not have fine crystals with nanometer size [21].…”

Amorphous TiS3/S/C Composite Positive Electrodes with High Capacity for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

“…34 The starting material, c-TiS 3 , was milled mechanically at ambient temperature using a planetary ball mill apparatus (Pulverisette 7; Fritsch) with an zirconia pot (volume of 45 ml) and 500 zirconia balls (4 mm diameter). The rotational speed was set to 370 rpm and the milling time was 40 h.…”

Preparation of an Amorphous 80LiCoO₂·20Li₂SO₄ Thin Film Electrode by Pulsed Laser Deposition

“…1,2 Amorphous materials have open and random structures, and it is possible to achieve higher capacities and a better cycle performance compared to crystalline electrodes. 3,4 Recently, we reported the mechanochemical synthesis of amorphous LiCoO 2 4 , and Li 2 O was placed in a 45 mL zirconia pot with 160 balls (5 mm in diameter), and milled at 370 rpm for 50 h. The milled powder was pressed into a pellet (20 mm in diameter) at room temperature. All the processes were conducted under a dry Ar atmosphere.…”