Improved electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4 cathode material by Ce doping

Nb-doped and Al2O3 + B2O3-coated granular secondary LiMn2O4 particles as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

“…The superior cycling stability of sample LMOD to that of others could be attributed to their different morphologies because of the use of different manganese oxides as raw materials since all the other factors including Li/Mo ratio, crystal structure, Nb content and their coating composition were completely identical. Furthermore, by comparison with the reported results illustrated in Table 3, it could be seen that our Al 2 O 3 + B 2 O 3 -coated and Nb-doped granular LMO secondary particles exhibited much better cycling stability at both 25 C and 55 C than pure LMO, 19,31,32 Al(Mg, Ce, Ni, Mn, Nb)-doped LMO, 12,18,19,31,33 and AlF 3 (La-Sr-Mn-O, V 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 )coated LMO, indicating the synergetically benecial effect of doping, coating, and special morphology of granular secondary particles in our work. Fig.…”

“…However, the cycling performance of LMO degrades rapidly due to the Jahn-Teller distortion associated with high-spin Mn 3+ , dissolution of manganese into the electrolyte and undesirable electrodeelectrolyte reaction, particularly at elevated temperatures (55 C), which seriously restrict its application in commercial LIBs. [11][12][13] Various strategies have been attempted to solve these issues, and these mainly include surface coating, doping and morphology control. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Coating LMO particles with metal oxides or uorides can improve their cycling performance and rate capability by decreasing the contact area between the electrolyte and electrode materials, therefore reducing Mn dissolution.…”

Ethylene carbonate adsorption on the major surfaces of lithium manganese oxide Li1−xMn2O4spinel (0.000 <x< 0.375): a DFT+U-D3 study

“…A number of methods have attempted to mitigate the manganese dissolution, including (i) cation doping [17,18]; (ii) the replacement of commercially used LiPF6 as the electrolyte ionic conductor to limit the production of the scavenging hydrofluoric acid produced by its degradation [19,20,21];…”

Enhancing the durable performance of LiMn2O4 at high-rate and elevated temperature by nickel-magnesium dual doping

“…To address forementioned problem, surface coating technology and metal cationic doping are generally used as effective approaches to inhibit the Jahn-Teller distortions and stabilize the spinel crystal structure of LiMn 2 O 4 . Replacement of manganese ions with metal cations, such as Al 6 , Ni 7,8 , Cr 9 , Co 10 , Mg 11 and Ce 12 , has been successfully used to minimize capacity fade. Among them, the average ionic radius of nickel (II) ions is 0.69 nm, which is similar to the Mn 3+ ion (r = 0.65 nm) in crystalline LiMn 2 O 4 .…”