Improved Electrochemical Performance of Tin Dioxide Using a Tin Phosphate-Based Coating

PAN-Encapsulated Nanocrystalline CoSn[sub 2] Particles as Negative Electrode Active Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…31 The CoSn 2 @ PAN electrode shows much better capacity retention than that usually observed for pure SnO 2 . 32 The carbonaceous phase ͑ex-PAN͒ may contribute to create a more stable electrode/ electrolyte interphase. The intermetallic particles may suffer from swelling, cracking, and formation of new surfaces that form a new solid electrolyte interphase upon cycling.…”

Polyacrylonitrile and cobalt–tin compounds based composite and its electrochemical properties in lithium ion batteries

“…The capacity of CoSn is more limited and strongly depends on the grain size [12,13]. The capacity and capacity retention of the cassiterite and other tin oxides are strongly influenced by the imposed potential limits and the grain size [7]. The presence of the PAN-based matrix and the oxygen atoms of the cassiterite might contribute to stabilize the tin phases after reaction with lithium.…”

“…The intimate nanostructure of the particles of the different phases in the composite material should be controlled. An interesting approach is to encapsulate or to form a shell surrounding the particles of the tin-based phase [4][5][6][7]. Thus, carbonaceous materials and organic polymers might form a shell or coating that protects the intermetallic grains against the irreversible electrolyte consumption and avoid particle aggregation during cycling.…”

Nanocomposite Electrode for Li-Ion Microbatteries Based on SnO on Nanotubular Titania Matrix

“…SnO can deliver a theoretical capacity of about 1270 mA h g −1 . A potential solution is to embed active tinbased anode material in a matrix to buffer the volume variation [6][7][8][9][10] or to use nanostructured active material. 4 During the discharge tin oxide is electrochemically reduced, resulting in the formation of nanosized tin clusters surrounded by Li 2 O particles.…”