Improved electrogenerated chemiluminescence of luminol by cobalt nanoparticles decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated with cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) by a simple thermal decomposition method. The prepared nanohybrid material (nanoCoMWCNTs) was then cast on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) as a novel electrocatalyst for the construction of a sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor. The fabricated sensor (GCE/nanoCo-MWCNTs/Nafion) showed excellent electrocatalytic activity toward luminol and H 2 O 2 oxidation reactions at neutral media. Under optimal experimental conditions, the ECL signal intensity of the sensor was linear with the concentration of luminol in the range between 80 nM and 140 µM (r = 0.9963) and also with the concentration of H 2 O 2 in the range between 1 nM and 240 µM (r = 0.9980). Detection limits (S/N = 3) for luminol and H 2 O 2 were 8.7 and 0.2 nM, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for repetitive  ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 measurements of 100 µM luminol (n =10) and 10 µM H 2 O 2 (n=11) were 1.6% and 2.0%, respectively. Also, the prepared sensor was further modified with glucose oxidase (GOx) to fabricate a glucose ECL based biosensor (GCE/nanoCo-MWCNTs/GOx/Nafion). The fabricated ECL biosensor exhibited excellent performance toward glucose detection in the concentration range between 0.5 and 600 µM with a satisfactory detection limit (50 nM) and reproducibility (2.3%).Electrogenerated chemiluminescence or electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an attractive analytical tool with broad applications in different research areas. ECL is a hybrid technique which provides electrochemical and spectral information, simultaneously [1]. Simple and lowcost instrumental set up, excellent sensitivity and low background signal are the most important features of ECL [2,3]. A increased interest is observed for ECL investigations and this fact has been reflected in the number of reviews [4][5][6][7][8][9] which report the effectiveness of ECL detection method and its wide analytical applications.Luminol (2, 3-aminophthalhydrazide) is the most popular organic luminescent species which can be oxidized at the electrode surface. The subsequent chemical reaction between the oxidized luminol and H 2 O 2 (or O 2 ) produces ECL signal. Since the first report on the observation of ECL response for luminol at the electrode surface in alkaline solution [10], numerous attempts have been done to find effective approaches for the enhancement of ECL signal intensity of luminol in neutral medium [11][12][13][14]. It has been shown that the ECL reaction of luminol with oxygen or hydrogen peroxide is more efficient in alkaline medium through modification of the electrode surface with nano-materials [12,15].With the development of nanotechnology, various types of nano-structured materials with outstanding properties are being synthesized and applied for the construction of novel sensors and biosensors. Nano-structured materials provide higher effective surface area and higher catalytic activity in comparison with their respective bulk materials. The catalyti...

Trends and Advances in Electrochemiluminescence Nanobiosensors

“…CNMs and CNSMs are attractive avenue as sensor components due to their exceptional electrical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties, which render sensors more reliable, accurate and fast. Depending on the types of target molecules, different approaches can be taken in order to design a sensor device, making use of either zero-dimensional (carbon nano-onions) or one-dimensional (CNTs), or two-dimensional (graphene) or three-dimensional ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) or CNMs or CNSMs as NCs in order to fabricate a much improved analytical ECL-based nanobiosensors [ 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ]. Presently, carbon nano-onions have emerged as the popular choice for the fabrication of sensitive and selective nanobiosensor due to their high surface area-to-volume ratio that provides a large surface area for biorecognition element binding, as well as improve electronic conductivity [ 90 ].…”

Progress of the Electrochemiluminescence Biosensing Strategy for Clinical Diagnosis with Luminol as the Sensing Probe

“…Numerous methods for glucose detection with luminol‐based ECL biosensors have been reported over the past few decades . New methods, particularly those combining with novel nano‐materials, are still in development . Tu et al.…”

A Review of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Biosensors for Assays in Biological Matrices

“…Normal human serum sample 50 nM 0.5-600 μM [61] Glucose Signal enhancement at electrode modified with Pt nanoflowers/ graphene oxide/glucose oxidase Blood serum 2.8 μM 5-80 μM; 80-1000 μM [62] Glucose Perovskite LaTiO 3 -Ag 0.1 nanocomposite (catalytic oxidation of glucose) Blood 2.50 nM 0.01 μM-0.10 mM [63] Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor modified with Pd-Au nanowires Human blood serum samples 0.0083 U/l 0.025 U/l-25 KU/l [64] Acetylcholinesterase Graphene-Au-chitosan nanocomposite electrode with biofunctional biocomposite Human serum 2.2 nM 6.7 nM-0.92 mM [65] Protein kinase Signal amplification from AuNPs with Xanthine oxidase 10% fetal bovine serum 0.09 U/ml 0.1-10 U/ml [66] Amyloid B Immunosensor with luminolmodified Ce-ZnO nanoflowers Diluted serum 52 fg/ml 80 fg/ml-100 ng/ml [67] Cholesterol Cathodic ECL at 3D-MoS 2 polyaniline nanoflowers with Ag nanocubes loaded with cholesterol oxidase Diluted human serum 1.1 nM 3.3 nM-0.45 mM A review of electrogenerated chemiluminescent biosensors for assays in biological matrices Review important role in the regulation of cell growth and division. PDGF-BB, specifically, is a good predictor of DN.…”

“…New methods, particularly those using novel NP-based materials, are still in development [61][62][63]. In one method, multiwalled carbon nano- Review Gross, Maddipati & Snyder tubes were modified with cobalt nanoparticles and cast on a glassy carbon electrode in order to build a highly sensitive ECL sensor [61].…”