Improved Eradication Protocol for Blastocystis Hominis

Borody, Thomas J.; Grippi, Danielle; Busque, Antoinette Le; Gadalla, Safaa; Dawson, Vic; Jaworski, Anthony

doi:10.14309/00000434-201510001-01363

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The infection can be self-limiting under normal immune function [ 23 ]. Studies have shown that iodoquinol, paromomycin, and nitazoxanide (IPN) have a strong therapeutic effect on Blastocystis hominis, but it the infection is usually treated with a single drug such as metronidazole [ 24 , 25 ]. A Blastocystis sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Blastocystis in Confined Slow Lorises, Macaques, and Gibbons

Dong

Fan³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal anaerobic parasite infecting non-human primates and many other animals. This taxon threatens the health of NHPs due to its high genetic diversity, impeding efforts to improve confined management and subsequent conservation practices. This study collected 100 and 154 fecal samples from captive macaques, gibbons, and slow lorises in the summer and winter, respectively. The Blastocystis infection, its gene subtypes, and its zoonotic potential based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) were analyzed. The prevalence of Blastocystis in the three primate genera was 57.79% (89/154) in the summer (2021) and 29.00% (29/100) in the winter (2020). Four zoonotic subtypes—ST1, ST2, ST3, and ST4—were identified. ST2 was the most prevalent subtype, suggesting that these animals may serve as reservoirs for pathogens of human Blastocystis infections. The macaques showed a more significant variation in Blastocystis infection between seasons than gibbons and slow lorises. The slow lorises in small cages and enclosure areas were potentially more infected by Blastocystis in the summer, indicating that inappropriate captive management may have detrimental effects on their health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Blastocystis in Confined Slow Lorises, Macaques, and Gibbons

Dong

Fan³

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…These findings suggested that a substantial number of patients were insufficiently treated with metronidazole and more efficient drugs were needed for treating this infection. Some studies combined several anti-parasite medications to achieve higher efficacy[ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-day enema antibiotic therapy for parasite eradication and resolution of symptoms

Roshan¹,

Clancy²,

Gunaratne³

et al. 2020

WJG

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BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis ( B. hominis ) and Dientamoeba fragilis ( D. fragilis ) are two protozoan parasites of human bowel that are found throughout the world. There is still debate about the pathogenicity of these protozoans, despite them being commonly associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and can cause health issue in both children and adults. These parasites are usually transmitted through faecal-oral contact particularly under poor hygiene conditions or food/water contamination. Once a person is infected, the parasites live in the large intestine and are passed in the faeces. AIM To investigate the effect of triple antibiotic therapy using enema infusion in the treatment of B. hominis and D. fragilis infections. METHODS This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in a single medical centre, which included fifty-four patients (≥ 18 years) who were positive for D. fragilis , B. hominis or both between 2017 and 2018. The treatment consisted of triple antibiotics that were infused over two consecutive days through rectal enema. Faecal samples were collected from participants pre- and post-treatment and were tested for parasites using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Patients’ symptoms were recorded prior and after the treatment as well as patient demographic data. RESULTS Patients ( n = 54), were either positive for B. hominis (37%), D. fragilis (35%) or both (28%). All patients completed the two-day treatment and no serious adverse effect was reported. The most common side effect experienced by the patients during the treatment was urine discolouration which was cleared by six weeks of follow-up. Common symptoms reported prior to treatment were diarrhoea, abdominal pain, constipation and fatigue. Other symptoms included abdominal discomfort, dizziness and blood in the stool. Eighty-nine percent of patients completed a final stool test post-treatment. At six weeks post-treatment, 79% of patients cleared the parasites from their faeces. Symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, dizziness and blood in the stool decreased significantly at both seven days and six weeks post-treatment ( P < 0.040). The enema retention time, bowel preparation, previous antibiotic treatment or previous gastrointestinal problems had no significant effect on parasite eradication. CONCLUSION Overall, eradication of parasites and improvement of clinical outcomes were observed in treated patients, showing the efficacy of this combination to eradicate the parasites and provide positive clinical outcome.

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Improved Eradication Protocol for Blastocystis Hominis

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Blastocystis in Confined Slow Lorises, Macaques, and Gibbons

Molecular Epidemiology of Blastocystis in Confined Slow Lorises, Macaques, and Gibbons

Two-day enema antibiotic therapy for parasite eradication and resolution of symptoms

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