Improved estimation of air pollutant emissions from landing and takeoff cycles of civil aircraft in China

Zhou, Ying; Jiao, Yufang; Lang, Jianlei; Huang, Cheng; Peng, Wei; Li, Shengyue; Cheng, Shuiyuan

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.088

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…10.30897/ijegeo.00000 in Turkey. Zhou et al (2019) developed a new concept to correct the analysis of aircraft emissions and established a relationship between aircraft flight time and height for different airports using aircraft meteorological data relay. Song and Shon (2012) analysed the emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from airplanes at four major international airports in Korea for two years (2009-2010) using the dispersion modelling system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Aircraft Emissions During Landing and Take-Off (LTO) Cycles at Batumi International Airport, Georgia

Tokuşlu¹

2021

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

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In this paper, aircraft emissions (nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons) were estimated during landing and take-off (LTO) cycles for the year 2018 at Batumi International Airport in Georgia. The calculation model is based on flight data recorded by TAV Airports Holding Corporations in Georgia, including type and number of aircraft, engine type, number of passengers, and emission factors from the International Civil Aviation Organization Engine Exhaust Emission Databank were used for estimating the emissions. The total aircraft emissions during the LTO cycle were assessed as 68.96 t/y (39.78 t/y for NOx, 25.92 t/y for CO, and 3.26 t/y for HC) at Batumi international airport. Domestic flights were accountable for 68% of the total LTO emissions in 2018. The findings displayed that NOx was mainly released during the take-off and climb-out modes, accounting for 27% and 37% of the total emissions. CO and HC emissions were released mostly in taxi mode and responsible for 77% and 70% of total emissions. The assessment demonstrates that a 2-minute reduction in taxi mode results in an approximate 6% reduction in LTO emissions. To predict future emissions, it was evaluated that a 50% increase in LTO cycles would result in an increase of approximately 55-60% in emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Aircraft Emissions During Landing and Take-Off (LTO) Cycles at Batumi International Airport, Georgia

Tokuşlu¹

2021

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

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“…Aircraft air pollutant emissions can be generally divided into two parts: emissions during the landing and take-off (LTO) cycle and those during the non-LTO flight cycle (i.e., at a cruising altitude above 915 m) [1]. Due to the more prominent impact of the LTO cycle emissions [6][7][8], as well as the rapid growth of air transport volumes and the expansion of airports to meet future capacity needs, aircraft emissions during the LTO have received increasing attention in recent years [9][10][11]. Furthermore, the establishment of an airport aircraft emission inventory is urgently needed to assess the impact of air traffic on the environment and is the basis for the development of relevant standards and pollution control strategies [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies not only quantified aircraft emissions using different methods but also characterized the aircraft LTO and non-LTO phase emissions and determined the air quality impact of aviation, which provides important infrastructure for improving the total emission inventories on urban and regional scales.However, due to the data availability, most of these studies assume ideal conditions, such as using the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) reference values as the real time lengths for the approach, taxiing, take-off, and climb-out phases, obtaining the LTO cycle information from the flight plan, or acquiring the real-time information from only a few airlines [1,22,32,34]. Some studies adopted the published aircraft emission factor reference data from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China (MEP), which are the same for different aircraft or engine types, or from the older aircraft Engine Emission Database (EEDB), which are calculated from the reference emission indices (EIs) and fuel flows under sea-level static conditions [10,11,42]. Only a few studies have investigated the impact of atmospheric conditions on aircraft emissions [22,32,43], and most of them have assumed standard and stable conditions only.So far, all information in previous airport studies has been different from the actual situations, and no aircraft emission research has been conducted for the airport cluster in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA).…”

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confidence: 99%

Aircraft Emission Inventory and Characteristics of the Airport Cluster in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, China

Yang

Liu

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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In this study, a compound method using modified Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2) and an updated First Order Approximation V3.0 (FOA3.0) method deploying the ICAO Time-in-Mode (TIM) was used to produce a more reliable aircraft emission inventory for the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The results show that compared with the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) conditions, the total emission of nitrogen oxides(NOx) decreased by 17.7%, while carbon monoxide(CO) and hydrocarbons(HC) emissions increased by 11.2%. We confirmed that taxiing is the phase in which an aircraft emits the most pollutants. These pollutant emissions will decrease by 0.3% to 3.9% if the taxiing time is reduced by 1 minute. Furthermore, the impact of reducing taxi-out time on emissions is more significant than that of reducing the taxi-in time. Taking the total aircraft emission factors as the main performance indicators, Hong Kong International Airport (VHHH) contributes the most to the total emissions of the GBA, while the Zhuhai airport(ZGSD) contributes the least. The contribution of an individual airport to the total emissions of the GBA is mainly determined by the proportion of Boeing B77L, B77W, and B744.

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“…Meanwhile, China seeks to build "greener" airports and aviation sector in the near future [52,53]. However, the existing papers on pollutant emissions for China aviation are insufficient [33,42,54], especially for a specific airport with detailed analysis. The significance of this kind of research is uncontested from the viewpoint of air pollution, human health, emission reduction, and administration policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estimation of aircraft pollutant emissions using an adjusted TIM for taxiing in China is lacking, to the best of our knowledge. In particular, previous studies usually focused on the adjustment of TIM for climb and approach [31,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Mitigation Measures of Aircraft Pollutant Emissions at Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NKG), China

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2020

PROMET

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The assessment of local air pollution due to aircraft emissions at/near the airport is an important issue from the standpoint of environment and human health, but has not received due attention in China. In this paper, the pollutant emissions (i.e. HC, CO, NOx, SOx and PM) from aircraft during landing and take-off (LTO) cycles at Nanjing Lukou Airport (NKG) in 2016 were investigated using an improved method, which considered the taxi-in and –out time calculated based on the real data from the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), instead of using the referenced time recommended by ICAO. First, the pollutant emissions and their characteristics were studied from different perspectives. Second, two various mitigation measures of emissions were proposed, and the performance of emission reduction was analysed. Our analysis shows that: (1) A320 and B738 emitted the largest emissions at NKG; (2) pollutants were mainly emitted during the taxi mode, followed by climb mode; (3) B738 had the lowest emissions per (seat•LTO) among all aircraft, while CRJ had the lowest emissions per unit LTO; (4) shortening the taxiing time and upgrading aircraft engines are both effective measures to mitigate pollutant emissions.

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Improved estimation of air pollutant emissions from landing and takeoff cycles of civil aircraft in China

Cited by 48 publications

References 45 publications

Calculation of Aircraft Emissions During Landing and Take-Off (LTO) Cycles at Batumi International Airport, Georgia

Calculation of Aircraft Emissions During Landing and Take-Off (LTO) Cycles at Batumi International Airport, Georgia

Aircraft Emission Inventory and Characteristics of the Airport Cluster in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area, China

Characteristics and Mitigation Measures of Aircraft Pollutant Emissions at Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NKG), China

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