Improved Extraction Efficiency of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds from Tetraselmis chuii and Phaedoactylum tricornutum Using Pulsed Electric Fields

Abstract

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) is a promising technology that allows the selective extraction of high-added value compounds by electroporation. Thus, PEF provides numerous opportunities for the energy efficient isolation of valuable microalgal bioactive substances (i.e., pigments and polyphenols). The efficiency of PEF-assisted extraction combined with aqueous or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvents in recovering pigments and polyphenols from microalgae Tetraselmis chuii (T. chuii) and Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) was evaluated. Two PEF treatments were applied: (1 kV/cm/400 pulses, 3 kV/cm/45 pulses), with a specific energy input of 100 kJ/kg. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was positively influenced by the use of DMSO. The highest TAC in the T. chuii culture was achieved at a lower extraction time and electric field than for P. tricornutum. The use of DMSO only improved the polyphenols′ extraction for P. tricornutum, whereas the PEF and extraction time were more important for T. chuii. Carotenoids and chlorophyll a were more efficiently extracted using DMSO, while chlorophyll b levels were higher following aqueous extraction for both microalgae. In P. tricornutum, the TAC and pigment extraction efficiency were in general higher at lower extraction times. It can be concluded that PEF may be a promising alternative for the enhancement of the selective extraction of antioxidant bioactive compounds from microalgae.

Ultrasound Extraction Mediated Recovery of Nutrients and Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds from Phaeodactylum tricornutum Microalgae

“…The differences with our study can be explained regarding the huge time interval. For instance, in the present study, a time range was established from 0.5 min up to 30 min, while in the study conducted by Kokkali et al [15], the time range was from 4 h to 24 h. Figure 5. Influence of the different extraction conditions (A) and main effects chart for these conditions (B) on the total phenolic compounds (TPC) recovery yield (mg/100 g dry matter).…”

“…Akyıl et al [34] also found a significant influence of the extraction time on the antioxidant activity, measured by DPPH, when they optimized the bioactive compound extraction from P. tricornutum. However, Kokkali et al [15] found a minimal decrease in antioxidant activity, measured by ABTS in P. tricornutum aqueous extracts, comparing 4 h and 24 h of extraction. The differences with our study can be explained regarding the huge time interval.…”

“…Nowadays, innovative alternative technologies, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pulsed electric field-assisted extraction (PEF) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), are being studied to extract interesting compounds from microalgae [11][12][13][14][15]. These techniques produce a low environmental impact, since no organic solvents are used and there is less volume consumption.…”

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Fresh Apple Pomace by Different Non-Conventional Techniques

“…Two experiments were performed, in line with Lohani et al [ 21 ], the first one with a specific energy input of 100 kJ/kg and the second one of 17 kJ/kg; the number of pulses was 115 and 9 pulses, depending on the voltage applied (field strength 2 or 3 kV/cm, respectively). These conditions were derived from the fact that a minimum of 1 kV/cm field strength is required to produce changes in cells and 3–4 kV/cm for the electroporation [ 29 ]. For this reason, only two experiments were carried out in order to compare a treatment of moderate intensity and short duration (3 kV/cm and 9 pulses with an energy per pulse of 450 J) with another one of low intensity and long duration (2 kV/cm and 100 pulses with an energy per pulse of 200 J).…”

The Application of Supercritical Fluids Technology to Recover Healthy Valuable Compounds from Marine and Agricultural Food Processing By-Products: A Review

“…According to a recent report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), world fish production increased from 19 million metric tons (MMT) in 1950 to 171 MMT in 2016 [24]. In per capita terms, fish consumption has also risen from 9.0 kg in 1961 to 20.2 kg in 2015 [25]. As a consequence of industrial fish processing, a great amount of waste is generated each year, which can represent up to 75% of the total weight of the catch, although it differs according to the species, size, or the processing type [26].…”