Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer Based FOI-PD Controller for Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Source Interconnected Power System in Deregulated Environment

Abstract

This paper presents a Fractional Order Integral-Proportional Derivative (FOI-PD) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of two-area Interconnected Power System (IPS) with six multiple generations units in a restructured environment. Further, the two-area IPS is composed of multiple nonlinearities with Time Delay (TD), Boiler Dynamic (BD), Governor Dead Zone/ Band (GDZ/ GDB) and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). The gains of the proposed controller are optimized by a most recent powerful meta-heuristic algorithm known as Improved-Fitness Dependent Optimizer (I-FDO). The efficiency of the proposed approach is compared with other techniques such as Firefly Algorithm (FA), Fitness Dependent Optimizer (FDO) and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithms. Further, to enhance the performance of the system, Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) is incorporated in each area and Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) in the tie-line of the power system. Results reveal that our proposed approach performs superior in terms of less Overshoot (Os), Settling time (Ts) and Undershoot (Us). Robustness of the proposed controller is verified by changing system parameters within a range of ± (25) %.

A Survey on FOPID Controllers for LFO Damping in Power Systems Using Synchronous Generators, FACTS Devices and Inverter-Based Power Plants

“…where there are five unknown parameters in the FOPID controller. Therefore, the objective function J is defined as follows [20,60]:…”

“…In this technique, the parameters of the FOPID controller are determined by solving an optimization problem subjected to technical constraints, [20] and [59][60][61]. As indicated in Figure 3 and based on Equation ( 14), the closed-loop transfer function is as follows [19]:…”

Optimum Modified Fractional Order Controller for Future Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy-Based Interconnected Power Systems

“…The utilization of BE with the standard ESO method has resulted in increasing the ability of the controller to reject load disturbances and parameter changes. Additionally, the improved fitness dependent optimization method (I-FDO) has been proposed for designing the FOI-PD controller in two-area power systems [32]. Another application of ICA optimizer has been proposed in [33] for determining the optimal parameters for the new FTIDF-II controller for AGC systems.…”

Hybrid Sine Cosine and Fitness Dependent Optimizer for Global Optimization

“…The introduction of a random weight factor ( ), alignment and cohesion features in the IFDO improved the convergence speed of the FDO, but the enhancement features increased the algorithm's space complexity and led to slower exploitations in some cases. Additionally, Daraz et al [26] has successfully adopted the IFDO to optimize the automatic generation controller of a multi-source interconnected power system in the restructured environment. Next, Mohammed [27] embedded chaos theory into the original FDO.…”

“…Although the FDO and FDO variants outperformed several optimization algorithms, in some cases, they encounter slow convergence, poor exploitation and exploration, and memory wastage as a result of inefficient memory allocation. ❖ Aperiodic antenna array designs [25] ❖ Pedestrian evacuation model [25] ❖ Multi-source interconnected power system in the restructured environment [26] ❖ Uses alignment and cohesion to update the scout bees' location. ❖ Perform weight factor ( ) randomization.…”