“…e specific grouping of the rods is shown in Table 10. e rods are made of the same material, the material density is ρ � 2 678 kg/m 3 , the elastic modulus is E � 68950 MPa, the maximum displacement variation range of each joint of the rods in each direction is ± 6.35 mm, the allowable stress range is [− 172.375, 172.375], we compared the results with the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO), the improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (IFFOA), and the improved genetic algorithm (IGA) [43][44][45], and the optimized results are shown in Table 11.…”