Improved<i>p</i>-Value Tests for Comparing Two Independent Binomial Proportions

Lin, Che-Yang; Yang, Ming-Chung

doi:10.1080/03610910802417812

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The following proposition shows that the confidence interval, based on the modified p-value in Lin and Yang (2005), has improvement on length and coverage probability, and its proof is in the Appendix.…”

Section: Exact Unconditional Confidence Intervalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…See Haber (1987), MartÌn and Silva (1994), Berger (1996), Mehrotra, Chan, and Berger (2003), and Lin and Yang (2005). If pðYÞ is valid, Lin and Yang (2005) showed that the test by p * ðYÞ is a level a test and uniformly more powerful than the test by pðYÞ. Here p * ðYÞ is called the modified p-value corresponding to the original p-value pðYÞ.…”

Section: Exact Unconditional Confidence Intervalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coverage probability of Blaker's interval also attains at least the nominal level. Lin and Yang (2005) considered an existent p-value as a test statistic and used the unconditional approach to obtain the corresponding modified p-value in discrete distributions. In this paper, we will use the modified p-value to calculate the unconditional interval for the odds ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Exact Confidence Intervals for the Odds Ratio in Two Independent Binomial Samples

Lin

Yang

2006

Biometrical J

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For two independent binomial samples, the usual exact confidence interval for the odds ratio based on the conditional approach can be very conservative. Recently, Agresti and Min (2002) showed that the unconditional intervals are preferable to conditional intervals with small sample sizes. We use the unconditional approach to obtain a modified interval, which has shorter length, and its coverage probability is closer to and at least the nominal confidence coefficient.

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Section: Exact Unconditional Confidence Intervalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exact Unconditional Confidence Intervalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Exact Confidence Intervals for the Odds Ratio in Two Independent Binomial Samples

Lin

Yang

2006

Biometrical J

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“…1 A substantial literature is dedicated to the analysis of 2 Â 2 contingency tables and the comparison of two binomial proportions. [2][3][4][5] In this context, statistical tests are usually separated into exact tests and asymptotic tests. The class of exact tests, which takes its origin from the Fisher's exact test, 6 allows the calculation of the exact deviation from a null hypothesis, thus preserving test size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power evaluation of asymptotic tests for comparing two binomial proportions to detect direct and indirect association in large-scale studies

Emily

Friguet

2016

Stat Methods Med Res

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Asymptotic tests are commonly used for comparing two binomial proportions when the sample size is sufficiently large. However, there is no consensus on the most powerful test. In this paper, we clarify this issue by comparing the power functions of three popular asymptotic tests: the Pearson's χ test, the likelihood-ratio test and the odds-ratio based test. Considering Taylor decompositions under local alternatives, the comparisons lead to recommendations on which test to use in view of both the experimental design and the nature of the investigated signal. We show that when the design is balanced between the two binomials, the three tests are equivalent in terms of power. However, when the design is unbalanced, differences in power can be substantial and the choice of the most powerful test also depends on the value of the parameters of the two compared binomials. We further investigated situations where the two binomials are not compared directly but through tag binomials. In these cases of indirect association, we show that the differences in power between the three tests are enhanced with decreasing values of the parameters of the tag binomials. Our results are illustrated in the context of genetic epidemiology where the analysis of genome-wide association studies provides insights regarding the low power for detecting rare variants.

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“…The nonparametric argument instantiates an exact conditional approach that compares two independent binomial proportions (Lin & Yang, 2009). …”

Section: Nonparametric Argumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maintenance is unjustifiable : an improved inference

Rijsdijk¹

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Research motivesIn general, decisions appear to be encumbered by subjectivity which is problematic for their validation. In this work, however, we do aim for a validation of decisions. A maintenance policy may seem to be a suitable means of validation because it triggers decisions at a high rate and because the abundant policy violations are typically also recorded. These policy violations may therefore give a glimpse into the counterfactual reality that maintenance policy compliance intends to avoid in the first place. This work demonstrates the feasibility of this unconventional approach to maintenance policy validations. It would be naïve to expect a decisive maintenance policy validation, but at least we purport to improve the justifiability of maintenance. ApproachWe take the viewpoint that inference precision follows from the choice of an argument, an operationalisation and a sampling procedure. We develop a number of candidate arguments and samples. Our iterative journey along these candidates leads to an improved inference.Our contribution -We have implemented a maintenance policy validation by a causal argument and a sample from a realistic case study at an improved inference precision; -We have implemented a maintenance policy validation that relies on evidence about policy violations that from a normative decision theoretical perspective appears to be new; -We have implemented alternatives for conventional maintenance performance indicators that enable more precise causal inferences in the case study. ConclusionTo validate a maintenance policy by the proposed approach is very difficult if the only evidence available is from an organisation's recording routines. Therefore, an explicit justification of maintenance cannot easily be obtained. However, the proposed approach showed how to improve the associated inference precision in the specific case study. Practical implicationsThis work reveals that conventional maintenance performance indicators are typically insufficient for capturing the variations which will allow us to learn about the system behaviour. We propose and implement some construction rules for maintenance performance indicators that enable us to reveal prima facie causalities from recording routines. Although these construction rules appear to be straightforwardly implementable, they are often violated in the practice of maintenance performance measurement. We therefore argue that organisations could potentially enhance support of their maintenance policy assessments through recording routines; possibly by validating some formal argument, as we do in this work, or else by simply asking: "Where does this peak come from?".ii SamenvattingOnderzoeksmotieven Besluitvorming is subjectief waardoor een validatie lastig is. Dit werk poogt desondanks besluiten te valideren. Een onderhoudsbeleid kan een geschikte casus voor een dergelijke validatie blijken omdat het besluiten met een hoge frequentie genereert terwijl de veelvuldig voorkomende beleidsovertredingen eveneens worden geregistreerd. Deze ...

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Improvedp-Value Tests for Comparing Two Independent Binomial Proportions

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Improved Exact Confidence Intervals for the Odds Ratio in Two Independent Binomial Samples

Improved Exact Confidence Intervals for the Odds Ratio in Two Independent Binomial Samples

Power evaluation of asymptotic tests for comparing two binomial proportions to detect direct and indirect association in large-scale studies

Maintenance is unjustifiable : an improved inference

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