Improved Indirect Virtual Objects Selection Methods for Cluttered Augmented Reality Environments on Mobile Devices

Target selection method on the occluded and distant object in handheld augmented reality

“…A point of origin and a direction are needed to control the ray [26]. [12] Touch-based pointing with raycasting metaphor Handheld AR ✓ -2021 Li et al [9] Controller-based pointing with mirror metaphor VR ✓ ✓ 2021 Messaci et al [10] Gesture-based with zoom metaphor VR ✓ ✓ 2020 Qian et al [27] Gesture-based metaphor Handheld AR -✓ 2020 Yu et al [28] Controller-based pointing metaphors VR ✓ -2020 Sidenmark et al [29] Controller-based pointing with gaze-assisted metaphor VR ✓ -2019 Yin et al [30] Touch-based pointing metaphors Handheld AR ✓ -2018 Whitlock et al [8] Gesture-based metaphor AR ✓ -2017 Jung and Woo [13] Raycasting with target object duplication metaphor AR -✓ 2017 Bellarbi et al [14] Gesture-based pointing with zooming metaphor AR -✓ 2016 Yu and Kim [31] Finger-pointing metaphor AR -✓…”

“…Target selection on the occluded and distant object is often highlighted in previous research as an ongoing issue [8]- [11] when interacting with the object. In the case of selection on the occluded object (cluttered scene) either fully or partially occluded, the traditional methods may begin to lose their function in terms of precision and speed [12]. Meanwhile, the occluded target object being in distance from the user increases the difficulty for the target selection task to complete [9], [13], [14].…”