Improved Intra-Pulse Modulation Phase Calibration Algorithm With Accelerated Entropy Minimization Optimization

Abstract

Intra-pulse modulation phase calibration is necessary in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of high-speed targets. Traditional intra-pulse phase error compensation strategies rarely handle the high-order and slow-time-variant phase components induced during the coherent processing interval. In this paper, a novel intra-pulse modulation phase calibration with a two-dimensional (2-D) parametric phase model is proposed. It models the intra-pulse phase errors as a 2-D time-variant polynomial with accommodation of both fast-time and slow-time modulation. Entropy minimization of high-resolution range profiles (HRRPs) is developed to retrieve the phase error parameters. Improved coordinate descent optimization solver is established by Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm in order to find the global optimum of entropy efficiently. Comparative experiments using both simulated and real measured data are performed to demonstrate the enhancements of the proposed algorithm. INDEX TERMS Entropy minimization, intra-pulse modulation, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), phase error compensation.

Real‐time heart rate variability biofeedback amplitude during a large‐scale digital mental health intervention differed by age, gender, and mental and physical health

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