Improved Lithium Cyclability and Storage in Mesoporous SnO<sub>2</sub> Electronically Wired with Very Low Concentrations (≤1 %) of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Shiva, Konda; Rajendra, Hongahally Basappa; Subrahmanyam, K. S.; Bhattacharyya, Aninda J.; Rao, C. N. R.

doi:10.1002/chem.201200352

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Formation of the SnO x phase was also suggested by Shiva et al by using cyclic voltammetry during the electrochemical cycling of the SnO 2 −rGO composite. 56 These results suggest that the reversible charge capacity at the end of the charge can be attributed to not only dealloying of Li x Sn phase but also the conversion reaction of Sn into the SnO x phase. After achieving charge capacity of 900 mAh/g, the Sn−O peak shows significant rise with negligible change of the Sn−Sn peak, implying that reversible charge capacity is mostly achieved by conversion reaction in this region.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 94%

New Insight into the Reaction Mechanism for Exceptional Capacity of Ordered Mesoporous SnO₂ Electrodes via Synchrotron-Based X-ray Analysis

Kim¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Chem. Mater.

115

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Tin oxide-based materials, operating via irreversible conversion and reversible alloying reaction, are promising lithium storage materials due to their higher capacity. Recent studies reported that nanostructured SnO 2 anode provides higher capacity beyond theoretical capacity based on the alloying reaction mechanism; however, their exact mechanism remains still unclear. Here, we report the detailed lithium storage mechanism of an ordered mesoporous SnO 2 electrode material. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy reveal that some portion of Li 2 O decomposes upon delithiation and the resulting oxygen reacts with Sn to form the SnO x phase along with dealloying of Li x Sn, which are the main reasons for unexpected high capacity of an ordered mesoporous SnO 2 material. This finding will not only be helpful in a more complete understanding of the reaction mechanism of Sn-based oxide anode materials but also will offer valuable guidance for developing new anode materials with abnormal high capacity for next generation rechargeable batteries. ■ INTRODUCTIONLithium-ion batteries have been recognized as one of the most promising power source for various applications including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and power storage systems of renewable energy. 1 Major challenges of lithium ion batteries for these applications include high energy density, excellent capacity retention, safety, and low cost. 1−3 In order to achieve higher energy density of lithium ion battery than that of currently commercialized lithium ion battery, 4−7 metal oxides are being investigated as alternative anode materials due to their high energy density achieved by conversion and alloying reactions. 8,9 Especially, tin oxide-based materials, including SnO and SnO 2 , are being considered as one of the best anode materials due to their higher specific lithium storage capacities. 10 Previous studies show that SnO 2 goes through an irreversible conversion reaction during the initial cycle, which leads to formation of Sn metal and Li 2 O matrix, followed by a reversible alloying/dealloying reaction of Sn with lithium. 11−17

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Section: Chemistry Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 94%

New Insight into the Reaction Mechanism for Exceptional Capacity of Ordered Mesoporous SnO₂ Electrodes via Synchrotron-Based X-ray Analysis

Kim¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Chem. Mater.

115

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“…Since it is known that Li-Sn alloys de-alloy below 1 V, reaction curve shown above 1 V is attributed to the additional reverse conversion reaction [28][29][30][31]. Furthermore, increased Sn-O bonding was observed by Mössbauer spectroscopy [32][33][34], oxygen atoms were observed by EDS [2,35] and conductivity of the lithiated SnO 2 electrode was drastically decreased [36] during the delithiation process. Accordingly, the partially reversible reaction may primarily contribute to the extra capacity of the SnO 2 /Li battery [3,15,17,37], provided that it is correct, but more direct and convincing evidence is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…((1) and 2)) has long been a subject of interest. Previous studies mostly provided indirect evidences such as interpretations of cyclic voltammogram [28][29][30][31], Mössbauer spectroscopy [32][33][34], energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) [2,35] and conductivity studies [36] to assert partial reversibility. Since it is known that Li-Sn alloys de-alloy below 1 V, reaction curve shown above 1 V is attributed to the additional reverse conversion reaction [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling origin of additional capacity of SnO2 anode in lithium-ion batteries by realistic ex situ TEM analysis

et al. 2016

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“…Electrochemical applications of graphene have been studied reBrought to you by | University of Michigan Authenticated Download Date | 6/28/15 12:50 PM cently because of graphene's large surface area and high chemical tolerance [134]. Taking this as an advantage, it has been used as a matrix for improving the electrochemical performance of various nanomaterials including metal and metal oxides [142][143].…”

Section: Graphene Hybrids With Sno 2 Mos 2 and Ws 2 As Anodes In Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

6. Graphene and its hybrids with inorganic nanoparticles, polymers and other materials

Rao¹,

Matte²,

Maitra³

et al. 2014

Nanocarbon-Inorganic Hybrids

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Graphene has emerged as one of today's most exciting materials with many potential applications. Prompted by the results obtained with graphene, there have been investigations of graphene-like materials formed by inorganic layered compounds such as MoS 2 and BN. In this chapter, we briefly present the synthesis and relevant aspects of graphene and inorganic analogues of graphene. Equally importantly, we discuss the synthesis and properties of hybrids of graphene with other nanocarbons, polymers, graphene-like MoS 2 and other inorganic nanoparticles. Some of the hybrids exhibit interesting properties and are promising as useful materials. We end the chapter with a brief discussion of hybrids of graphene with metal organic frameworks. IntroductionGraphene, a single-layer of sp 2 carbon atoms tightly packed in a honeycomb lattice, has generated great interest in the scientific community in the last few years owing to its extraordinary properties and their potential applications [1-2]. It exhibits an ambipolar electric field effect along with ballistic conduction of charge carriers, high carrier mobility, and quantum Hall effect at room temperature [3]. Other novel aspects of graphene include high transparency towards visible light, high elasticity, high thermal conductivity, unusual magnetic properties, high surface area and remarkable gas storage [4]. Though graphene generally refers to a single layer of sp 2 carbon atoms, there have been many important investigations on bi-and few-layered graphenes as well. Interest in the synthesis and chemical modification of graphite-related materials dates back to 1840 [5], but real progress has been made only since 2004. There has been much progress in graphene research focusing on the synthesis, characterization, properties and applications. In this chapter, we present an overview of different synthesizing routes to prepare single-and few-layer graphenes as well as inorganic graphene analogues. We then examine the synthesis of the hybrids of nanocarbons (C 60 /SWNT/graphene) and their applications. Subsequently, we present the mechanical and electrical properties of graphene hybrids, graphene-nanoparticle hybrids, graphene-MoS 2 /WS 2 /SnO 2 hybrids. Finally, we take a glimpse at some of the recent work on graphene-metal organic framework (MOF) hybrids.Brought to you by | University of Michigan Authenticated Download Date | 6/28/15 12:50 PM

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Improved Lithium Cyclability and Storage in Mesoporous SnO₂ Electronically Wired with Very Low Concentrations (≤1 %) of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

New Insight into the Reaction Mechanism for Exceptional Capacity of Ordered Mesoporous SnO₂ Electrodes via Synchrotron-Based X-ray Analysis

New Insight into the Reaction Mechanism for Exceptional Capacity of Ordered Mesoporous SnO₂ Electrodes via Synchrotron-Based X-ray Analysis

Unveiling origin of additional capacity of SnO2 anode in lithium-ion batteries by realistic ex situ TEM analysis

6. Graphene and its hybrids with inorganic nanoparticles, polymers and other materials

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Improved Lithium Cyclability and Storage in Mesoporous SnO2 Electronically Wired with Very Low Concentrations (≤1 %) of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

New Insight into the Reaction Mechanism for Exceptional Capacity of Ordered Mesoporous SnO2 Electrodes via Synchrotron-Based X-ray Analysis

New Insight into the Reaction Mechanism for Exceptional Capacity of Ordered Mesoporous SnO2 Electrodes via Synchrotron-Based X-ray Analysis

Unveiling origin of additional capacity of SnO2 anode in lithium-ion batteries by realistic ex situ TEM analysis

6. Graphene and its hybrids with inorganic nanoparticles, polymers and other materials

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Improved Lithium Cyclability and Storage in Mesoporous SnO₂ Electronically Wired with Very Low Concentrations (≤1 %) of Reduced Graphene Oxide

New Insight into the Reaction Mechanism for Exceptional Capacity of Ordered Mesoporous SnO₂ Electrodes via Synchrotron-Based X-ray Analysis

New Insight into the Reaction Mechanism for Exceptional Capacity of Ordered Mesoporous SnO₂ Electrodes via Synchrotron-Based X-ray Analysis