Improved management can be achieved by introducing additional parameters in the syndromic diagnosis of nonviral sexually transmitted infections at low-resource settings

Sonkar, Subash Chandra; Arora, Geetika; Wasnik, Kirti; Ali, Mashook; Mittal, Pratima; Saluja, Daman

doi:10.1016/j.xagr.2021.100037

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The affinity constant of the PSL antibody for PSL was estimated by a Scatchard plot according to the method described elsewhere ( 10 ). The sensitivity of the developed method was determined according to the method described elsewhere ( 21 , 32 – 41 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and optimization of an in-house heterologous ELISA for detection of prednisolone drug in enzyme conjugates using spacers

Kumar,

Oberoi,

Singh

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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The introduction of spacers in coating steroid protein complexes and/or enzyme conjugates or immunogens is known to exert an influence on the sensitivity of steroid enzyme immunoassays. We investigated the impact of different homobifunctional spacers, ranging in atomic length from 3 to 10, on the sensitivity and specificity of prednisolone (PSL) enzyme immunoassays. In this study, four homo-bifunctional spacers, namely, carbohydrazide (CH), adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), ethylene diamine (EDA), and urea (U), were incorporated between PSL and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for preparing the enzyme conjugate with an aim to improve the sensitivity of the assay without compromising assay specificity. The assays were developed using these enzymes conjugated with antibodies raised against the PSL-21-HS-BSA immunogen. The sensitivity of the PSL assays after insertion of a bridge in the enzyme conjugate was 1.22 ng/mL, 0.59 ng/mL, 0.48 ng/mL, and 0.018 ng/mL with ADH, CH, EDA, and urea as a spacer, respectively. Among the four combinations, the PSL-21-HS-BSA-antibody with PSL-21-HS-U-HRP-enzyme conjugate gave better sensitivity and less cross-reaction. The percent recovery of PSL from the exogenously spiked human serum pools was in the range of 88.32%-102.50%. The intra and inter-assay CV% was< 8.46%. The PSL concentration was estimated in the serum samples of patients on PSL treatment. The serum PSL values obtained by this method correlated well with the commercially available kit (r2 = 0.98). The present study suggests that the nature of the spacer is related to assay sensitivity and not the spacer length.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and optimization of an in-house heterologous ELISA for detection of prednisolone drug in enzyme conjugates using spacers

Kumar,

Oberoi,

Singh

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…This syndromic case management approach is based on the identification of consistent groups of symptoms and easily recognizable signs and treatment that will deal with most, or the most serious, organisms responsible for producing the syndrome [9]. Introduction of additional parameters in the syndromic diagnosis of nonviral sexually transmitted infections in low-resource settings and hence improved management has been advocated but is still far-fetched [10].…”

Section: Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections -New Findings Diag...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections in Resource-Limited Settings

Amadi¹,

Ononuju²,

Okoeguale³

et al. 2023

Infectious Diseases

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Globally, bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major health challenge. It is more challenging in resource-limited settings, where diagnostic capabilities are limited, health insurance is almost nonexistent and medical bills are settled out-of-pocket. In resource-limited settings, most clinicians adopt the syndromic case management approach for effective treatment due to the paucity of resources. The highest levels of multidrug resistant bacterial STIs have been found in resource-limited countries. The reasons are complex and include poor quality of health services, high burden of disease, lack of accessible, accurate, and confirmed diagnostic assays, ineffective regulations, overuse of antibiotics, inappropriate dosing, and lack of knowledge about the risks of microbial resistance. This chapter thus brings to the fore the challenges of treating bacterial sexually transmitted infections in resource-poor settings and the current evidence on the topic for scholars, researchers, and practitioners.

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“…Moreover, stillbirths are also prevalent among young adolescents in India (4), A high percentage of pregnant adolescents face complications like low birth weight (LBW), cesarean-section, and preterm deliveries (5). Our research group is working in the field of STI diagnostics for the past several years and observed that infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) (6)(7)(8)(9), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) (15)(16)(17) are most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with prevalence in the range of 7-29, 5-19 and 2-14% respectively, in symptomatic adult women (18). These pathogens may cause single infections or may coinfect (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple sexually transmitted co-infections are associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in asymptomatic adolescent pregnant women; A Prospective cohort study

Wasnik

Mittal²,

Ghope³

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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BackgroundA prospective cohort was conducted to assess the prevalence of seven RTIs/STIs in adolescent asymptomatic pregnant women to find a significant correlation between infection and pregnancy.MethodsThe study was restricted to 18–19 years of asymptomatic adolescent pregnant women attending Ante-Natal Care and the health status of the pregnant women were followed up to parturition. The health status of the infant was followed till 6 months post-delivery. The prevalence of the concerning pathogens and the significance of their association with adverse outcomes of pregnancy were determined.ResultsAmong 279 subjects, the most significant co-infections were observed for M. hominis with U. parvum (9.31%; p-value–0.0071/OR−2.6421) and U. urealyticum (7.88%; p-value–0.0119/OR−2.6455). Statistically significant associations were found between C. trachomatis [(p-value-0.0439); OR−2.9902] and M. genitalium [(p-value−0.0284); OR−3.442] with PTB, N. gonorrhoeae with LBW <2.5 kg [(p-value−0.0052);OR−4.9017], U. urealyticum with VLBW <2 kg [(p-value-0.0262);OR−3.0207], M. genitalium [(p-value-0.0184); OR−11.7976] and T. vaginalis with PROM [(p-value 0.0063); OR−19.4275] while M. genitalium [(p-value 0.0190); OR–12.9230] and U. urealyticum [(p-value 0.0063); OR-14.5149] with PPROM with 95% CI respectively.ConclusionsAsymptomatic adolescents are at high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes if infected with the concerned pathogens.

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Improved management can be achieved by introducing additional parameters in the syndromic diagnosis of nonviral sexually transmitted infections at low-resource settings

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Development and optimization of an in-house heterologous ELISA for detection of prednisolone drug in enzyme conjugates using spacers

Development and optimization of an in-house heterologous ELISA for detection of prednisolone drug in enzyme conjugates using spacers

Treatment of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections in Resource-Limited Settings

Multiple sexually transmitted co-infections are associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in asymptomatic adolescent pregnant women; A Prospective cohort study

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