Improved Method for Preparation of Amidoxime Modified Poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid): Characterizations and Adsorption Case Study

Abstract

Redox polymerization of poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (poly(AN-co-AA)) is performed at 40 °C under N2 gas by varying the ratio of acrylonitrile (AN) and acrylic acid (AA) in the feed. The yield production of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) is 73% and poly(AN-co-AA) with a feed ratio of 93:7 is the highest yield (72%). The PAN and poly(AN-co-AA) are further chemically modify with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The FTIR spectroscopy is used to confirm the copolymerization of poly(AN-co-AA) and chemical modification of poly(AN-co-AA). Elemental microanalysis shows that the overall trend percentage of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen for all feed ratios are slightly decreasing as the feed ratio of AA is increasing except for poly(AN-co-AA) 93:7. The SEM images shows that spherical diameter of poly(AN-co-AA) is smaller compared to the PAN and amidoxime (AO) OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2015, 7 1206 modified poly(AN-co-AA). The TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) analysis reveals that the poly(AN-co-AA) degrades at lower temperatures compared to the PAN but higher than AO modified poly(AN-co-AA). The case study adsorption test showed that the AO modified poly(AN-co-AA) 93:7 had the highest percentage removal of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+.

Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue from Aquatic Environments Using Thiourea-Modified Poly(Acrylonitrile-co-Acrylic Acid)

“…The band at 2244 cm −1 completely disappeared, and has been converted to –C=N– at 1614 cm −1 in TA-poly(AN- co -AA) polymer. The characteristic peaks of O-H and N-H functional groups overlapped around 3500–3200 cm −1 [26,27]. Absorption bands at 729 cm −1 and 1015 cm −1 correspond to C=S group vibrating region attached to nitrogen [27,28].…”

“…The degradation disparity exhibited by poly(AN- co -AA) and TA-poly(AN- co -AA) also corroborated the successful poly(AN- co -AA) modification. The result demonstrate that both samples are stable and suitable for water or wastewater treatment process [26,37].…”

“…Subscripts p and q are the minimal molar concentrations of AN and AA in the reactor, to maintain a 100 percent molar basis. The preparation method was similar to Zahri et al 2015 approach, with little modification, 200 mL of double deionized water as reaction medium was first refluxed or purged for 0.5 h at 40 °C with nitrogen gas [26]. The monomers feed ratio AN/AA of 97:3 ( v / v ) were added to reaction medium together with initiators-sodium bisulphate (2.09 g) and potassium persulphate (2.16 g).…”

Simultaneous Adsorption of Cationic Dyes from Binary Solutions by Thiourea-Modified Poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid): Detailed Isotherm and Kinetic Studies

“…Several chelating resins have been prepared through grafting of monomers onto natural or synthetic polymer matrix and conventional polymerization of the monomers such as acrylonitrile (AN), acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MA), and divinylbenzene (DVB-80) [17]. Furthermore, chemical modification of a synthesized polymer milieu by a chelating moiety such as amine, thiourea, and amino-acids has also been used to produce new/modified polymeric adsorbents [15,16,18,19]. In such studies, the carboxyl and amine groups have been established to be two most effective functional groups for removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions.…”

Rapid and Effective Removal of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solution Using Novel Chitosan and Laponite-Based Nanocomposite as Adsorbent

“…For this reason, the treatment of toxic heavy metal ion pollution in water has received an extensive concern and become a hot topic in environmental research. Various methods such as coagulation/precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, oxidation/reduction, electrolysis, solvent extraction, and membrane filtration have been developed to remove heavy metal ions from contaminated water [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Among these methods, the adsorption process seems to be the most versatile and effective method if combined with appropriate regeneration steps [15,16,17,18].…”