“…The basic function of SA is to suppress low incident intensity beam while support higher intensity spikes and the working mechanism has been revealed in other Ref [10]. Typical demonstrated SAs in ultrafast fiber lasers include nonlinear polarization rotation [11,12], nonlinear optical loop mirror [13], and nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) [14]; semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [15,16], graphene [17], topological insulators [18,19], transition metal dichalcogenides [20][21][22][23] and black phosphorus [24][25][26][27][28], MXenes [29,30], bismuthine [31][32][33] and antimonene [34,35], perovskite [36][37][38], gain medium [39], nonlinear multimodal interference effect [40], alcohol [41], pure water [42], metals [43], quantum dots [44,45], etc.…”