Improved orthokinetic coagulation model for fractal colloids: Aggregation and breakup

Fractal Aggregates Evolution During Flocculation

“…Based on these assumptions, analytical expressions were developed by Smoluchowski to describe the frequency of collisions between particles for perikinetic and orthokinetic flocculation, given by equations 2 and 3, respectively. theory of fractals was incorporated into the analysis of porosity and shape of particles, as shown in Thomas et al (1999), Li and Logan (1997), Kim and Kramer (2006), Li et al (2007), Gregory (2009) and Wu and He (2010), among others. Li and Ganczarczyk (1989) present Equation 4 to describe the relationship between porosity and the size of the fractal.…”

A CFD-based simulation study of a large scale flocculation tank for potable water treatment

“…More sophisticated flocculation models have been developed in literature assuming flocs as fractal objects and employing the corresponding mass-radius relation in Eq. (3) [19]. In even more sophisticated models the fractal dimension is itself a dynamic variable evolving during the flocculation process [20,21].…”

Population Balances

“…The rate of breakage differs from the rate of aggregation in that breakage depends on the extent of the shear applied on the particles, whereas aggregation on the efficiency of the collision. Thus, an increase in fluid strain causes an increase in the rate of break-up (Kim and Kramer, 2006), expressed as rbreak-up = KB (]2)b (r k )s (n k)~ (B2.14)…”