Improved osseointegration of a novel, hydrophilic Ti surface – a review

Abstract

The high surface energy of sandblasted and acid etched (SLA) titanium surfaces can be retained by keeping them submersed in an isotonic NaCl solution at pH 4 to 6 under a nitrogen atmosphere immediately after the acid-etching process, thus reducing the adsorption of potential contaminants from the atmosphere. The novel implant surface thus produced shows a strongly increased hydrophilicity, compared to the conventional SLA surface, and is named SLActive.Several animal studies have indicated a faster osseointegration of the SLActive surface, compared to the SLA surface, and improved regeneration in bone defects next to implants. Histological and immunohistochemical studies have shown improved wound healing at the SLActive surface only a few days after implantation and a pilot clinical study has shown the break point from decreasing stability to increasing stability occurring after 2 weeks for SLActive implants, compared to 4 weeks for SLA implants.Key words: surface energy, surface chemistry, hydrophilicity, titanium implant surfaces, biomechanical testing, histology, immunohistochemistry, implant stability Die hohe Oberflächenenergie von sandgestrahlte und Säure-geätzte (SLA) Titan-Oberflächen kann erhalten werden, indem sie sofort nach dem Ä tzprozess in isotonischer NaCl-Lösung bei pH 4 bis 6 und unter Stickstoff-Atmosphäre gelagert werden. Die Adsorption potentieller Kontaminanten aus der Atmosphäre wird so verringert und die so hergestellte Implantatoberfläche ("SLActive") zeigt eine stark zugenommene Hydrophilizität, verglichen mit der konventionellen SLA-Oberfläche.Verschiedene Tierstudien haben eine schnellere Osseointegration der SLActive-Oberfläche gezeigt, verglichen mit der SLA-Oberflä-che, sowie verbesserte Regeneration in Knochendefekten neben den Implantaten. Histologische and immunohistochemische Studien haben bereits wenige Tage nach der Implantation eine verbesserte Wundheilung an der SLActive-Oberfläche gezeigt und in einer pilot-klinischen Studie wurde eine Verschiebung des Knickpunktes von abnehmender zu zunehmender Stabilität von 4 Wochen für SLA-Implantate zu 2 Wochen für SLActive-Implantate gefunden.

Enhancing Hydrophilicity of Anatase TiO2 Surfaces by Deposition of Alkaline Earths: The Case of Ca

“…Apatite nucleation is initiated by adsorption of Ca 2+ ions, followed at a later stage by incorporation of phosphate groups and formation of an amorphous calcium phosphate phase. Several studies − have shown that the bone apposition process is favored by the presence of hydroxyl groups on the oxide film. This hydroxylation occurs naturally when the TiO 2 surface is exposed to water contained in air, thus forming acidic and basic OH groups.…”

Enhancement of Surface Wettability via the Modification of Microtextured Titanium Implant Surfaces with Polyelectrolytes

“…26,29-32 Microtextured Ti surfaces that are hydrophilic enhance tissue integration of titanium implants, especially during the early healing stages in vivo. 26,29,30,33–36 Surface chemistry also plays an important role in regulating the signaling pathways and downstream cell differentiation. 37,38 In order to reduce healing time and enhance osseointegration in compromised patients, it is important to understand, optimize, and engineer ideal surface properties for dental and orthopaedic implants used in bone applications.…”

“…Previous studies have shown that Ti surface properties, such as surface roughness, surface energy, and surface chemistry, influence bone formation. − Surface roughness on the micrometer scale can enhance osteoblast differentiation in vitro. ,− Microtextured Ti surfaces that are hydrophilic enhance tissue integration of titanium implants, especially during the early healing stages in vivo. ,,,− Surface chemistry also plays an important role in regulating the signaling pathways and downstream cell differentiation. , In order to reduce healing time and enhance osseointegration in compromised patients, it is important to understand, optimize, and engineer ideal surface properties for dental and orthopaedic implants used in bone applications.…”

Characterization and Bioactivity of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Dental Implant Surface Treated by SLA Technique

“…Actually, SLA is a composite technique which includes sandblasting and acid-etching. The method not only makes the superposition of macro/micro topography of the implant surface, but also facilitates the surface mechanical properties and corrosion protection [5,6].…”