Improved performance of Pd electrocatalyst supported on ultrahigh surface area hollow carbon spheres for direct alcohol fuel cells

Hu, Feng; Wang, Zhenyou; Li, Yongliang; Liu, Changming; Zhang, Xin; Shen, Pei Kang

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.11.024

Cited by 115 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For the cathodic peaks starting at −0.4 V, some authors assigned the cathodic peaks to the removal of carbonaceous species that are not completely oxidized in the anodic scan. 71,72 However, the intermediates generated in the forward scan probably diffuse into the bulk electrolyte and are fully oxidized at high potentials. In addition, the sharp increase also indicates that the peak is probably due to the oxidation of fresh ethanol immediately after the reduction of PdO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composited with Palladium Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient Ethanol Oxidation

Ding

Wei

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs-COOH) decorated with different palladium (Pd) nanoparticle loadings were synthesized by thermally decomposing different amounts of palladium acetylacetonate (Pd(acac) 2 ) in a refluxing xylene solution with a fixed amount of dispersed MWNTs-COOH. The increased ratio of D band/G band and the decreased area ratio of oxygen containing groups (COOH, C-O and C=O) to C-C group suggested an increased occupation of defects on MWNTs. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed different distributions of Pd NPs on the MWNTs with the variation of Pd(acac) 2 amount and the particle size increased with increasing the Pd loading. A relatively higher conversion of Pd(acac) 2 to Pd (76.21%) was achieved when the initial precursor ratio of Pd(acac) 2 to MWNTs was 2 : 1 (product denotes as Pd/MWNTs-(2:1)). The Pd/MWNTs-2:1 catalysts were demonstrated to exhibit the most efficient performance toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) among all the precursor ratios, which is evaluated by the highest Pd mass-based peak current density (1.23 A/mg Pd ) and stable current density (0.175 A/mg Pd ) in cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). In addition, both reduced charge-transfer resistance and increased reaction kinetics with increasing the Pd loading were obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel characterization.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composited with Palladium Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient Ethanol Oxidation

Ding

Wei

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…[8][9][10] Alternatively, surfactant-stabilized colloidal Pd can be independently prepared and later mixed with a carbon black. [11] A large variety of conductive materials have been used to support Pd nanoparticles, including carbon blacks like Vulcan XC-72, alone [8] or in combination with either nanocrystalline metal oxides (NiO, CeO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , Mn 3 O 4 ) [12,13] or tungsten carbide nanocrystals, [14] carbon microspheres, [15] coinlike hollow carbons, [16] ultrahigh-surface hollow carbon spheres, [17] carbonized porous anodic alumina, [18] carbonized TiO 2 nanotubes, [19] multiwalled carbon nanotubes [20] and activated carbon nanofibers. [20] Electrochemical methods for the preparation of anode electrocatalysts for DAFCs involve the electrodeposition of one metal at a time, eventually followed by the electrodeposition of other metals.…”

Section: A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G Potentials Of Pt-based Anodes Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol Oxidation on Electrocatalysts Obtained by Spontaneous Deposition of Palladium onto Nickel‐Zinc Materials

et al. 2009

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Ni-Zn and Ni-Zn-P alloys supported on Vulcan XC-72 are effective materials for the spontaneous deposition of palladium through redox transmetalation with Pd(IV) salts. The materials obtained, Pd-(Ni-Zn)/C and Pd-(Ni-Zn-P)/C, have been characterized by a variety of techniques. The analytical and spectroscopic data show that the surface of Pd-(Ni-Zn)/C and Pd-(Ni-Zn-P)/C contain very small, highly dispersed, and highly crystalline palladium clusters as well as single palladium sites, likely stabilized by interaction with oxygen atoms from Ni--O moieties. As a reference material, a nanostructured Pd/C material was prepared by reduction of an aqueous solution of PdCl(2)/HCl with ethylene glycol in the presence of Vulcan XC-72. In Pd/C, the Pd particles are larger, less dispersed, and much less crystalline. Glassy carbon electrodes coated with the Pd-(Ni-Zn)/C and Pd-(Ni-Zn-P)/C materials, containing very low Pd loadings (22-25 microg cm(-2)), were studied for the oxidation of ethanol in alkaline media in half cells and provided excellent results in terms of both specific current (as high as 3600 A g(Pd)(-1) at room temperature) and onset potential (as low as -0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl/KCl(sat)).

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“…Furthermore, their unclosed graphitic flakes give rise to dangling bonds throughout the surface of the spheres, increasing their reactivity and boosting their applicability in adsorption, lubricants, tribological coatings, catalysis, batteries, supercapacitors or fuel cells among others. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Conversely, when it comes to their transport and magnetic properties, the list of examples is very scarce, 16,17 despite their potential for use as electronically active reinforcing agents of functional composites. 18,19 Indeed, the recent discovery of organic magnetoresistance (OMAR) in graphene and other related nanocarbons has significantly attracted increasing attention to these systems, as they are promising materials for flexible, low-cost and transparent electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CVD synthesis of carbon spheres using NiFe-LDHs as catalytic precursors: structural, electrochemical and magnetoresistive properties

et al. 2016

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The gram-scale synthesis of carbon spheres with a diameter of ca. 740 nm has been achieved by means of a chemical vapour deposition method using NiFe-layered double hydroxides as a solid catalytic precursor. The presence of the catalyst (FeNi 3 ) allows controlling the final size distribution, resulting in a monodisperse sample. Their structural properties exhibited a high degree of graphitization according to their I D /I G ratio. In addition, their morphological features were unveiled by FIB-SEM and HRTEM, showing that they are formed by solid inner cores, and presenting labile chain-like structures due to accretion procedures. The solution and posterior sonication of the samples in toluene gave rise to the well-defined isolated spheres. The textural and electrochemical properties of the spheres have been tested showing non-mesoporous structures with a good behaviour as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to the presence of redox functionalities on their surface. Finally, magneto-transport measurements have been carried out, demonstrating semiconductor behaviour, as well as a positive magnetoresistance effect (ca. 72%) for the lowest studied temperature (2 K).

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Improved performance of Pd electrocatalyst supported on ultrahigh surface area hollow carbon spheres for direct alcohol fuel cells

Cited by 115 publications

References 26 publications

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composited with Palladium Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient Ethanol Oxidation

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Composited with Palladium Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient Ethanol Oxidation

Ethanol Oxidation on Electrocatalysts Obtained by Spontaneous Deposition of Palladium onto Nickel‐Zinc Materials

CVD synthesis of carbon spheres using NiFe-LDHs as catalytic precursors: structural, electrochemical and magnetoresistive properties

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