Lunar and Martian regoliths, containing
feldspar, pyroxene, ilmenite,
olivine, and aluminite minerals, are excellent sources of metals such
as aluminum, sodium, magnesium, and iron. Ionic liquids (ILs), which
are excellent solvents with extremely low vapor pressure and high
electrochemical stability, can be potentially leveraged for extracting
metals from regolith in an extra-terrestrial environment. A critical
step in the solvation process, which determines the effectiveness
of the IL solvent, is the formation of solvation shells around the
metal cations. To determine the rigidity and stability of the solvation
shells, which has a direct implication on the extraction of metals,
we performed classical molecular dynamics simulations of dilute solutions
comprising individual metal ions Na+, Mg2+,
and Al3+ in two distinct ILs, [mppy][TFSI] and [mppy][HSO4]. Our results indicate that the compactness of the structure
is directly related to the charge density of the metal cation and
the relative size and symmetry of the IL anion. Potentials of the
mean force of the metal cation with the solvating IL anion indicate
the presence of energy minima with barriers that increase with the
surface charge density of the cation. The increasing energy barrier
leads to greater residence time of metal cations in the solvation
shell, which was confirmed by evaluating corresponding autocorrelation
functions. Overall, our calculations provide fundamental insights
into key factors that influence the solvation of metals and can be
useful in the screening of ILs for digestion of metal-containing minerals
in lunar and Martian regoliths.