Improved rheological properties and stability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polymer in harsh environment

Nourafkan, Ehsan; Haruna, Maje Alhaji; Gardy, Jabbar; Wen, Dongsheng

doi:10.1002/app.47205

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…The COPAM and ATAC were synthesized via free-radical polymerization. , The polymerization was carried out in a three-neck bottom reactor, equipped with a reflux condenser, nitrogen inlet gas, and a mechanical stirrer as shown in Figure S1. Initially, the reactor was charged with a dissolved mixture of AA and ATAC monomers in 80 mL of degassed and distilled water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Polymer Nanocomposites in High-Temperature and High-Salinity Brines

Haruna

Wen

2019

ACS Omega

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Stabilization of polymer nanocomposites in aqueous environment with high salinity has been a constant challenge for their applications. This work aimed to improve the stability of graphene oxide (GO) polyacrylamide nanocomposites at high-temperature and high-ionic-strength brines. GO was synthesized via a modified Hummers’ method and the copolymer of acrylamide (COPAM) was obtained via free-radical polymerization. The covalent functionalization of COPAM with the partially reduced GO (rGO) was successfully achieved. 1,3-Propane sultone was used to further functionalize the obtained rGO–COPAM composites to accomplish the zwitterionic character on the rGO–COPAM surface to get a material with excellent temperature stability and dispersibility in the presence of high ionic strength brines. The synthesized materials were characterized by 1 H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy analysis, and so forth. The thermal stability of the dispersion at 80 °C for 120 days was observed by visual inspection and spectroscopic analysis. The results showed that the zwitterionic polymer produced excellent brine stability with GO nanosheets and suggested promising applications of zwitterionic polyacrylamide–GO systems especially for enhanced oil recovery.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Polymer Nanocomposites in High-Temperature and High-Salinity Brines

Haruna

Wen

2019

ACS Omega

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“…As a relatively novel material, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are seamless hollow microtubules made of single-layer or multilayer graphene sheets curled around the central axis at a certain angle (Figure ). , With high strength and flexibility, CNTs have been widely studied in many different application fields. ,, However, the inherent strong van der Waals force between tubes, nonreactive surface, and high specific surface area and aspect ratio will decrease the stability of CNTs in solution, so it is very essential to apply them after chemical modification. , The functionalization or modification of nanomaterials not only improves the stability and dispersion of nanomaterials but also provides flexibility for the interaction (such as hydrogen bonding) with surfactants, contributing to improving the stability of the network structure. ,, For example, Afra et al investigated the effect of functionalized CNTs (FCNTs) on the performance of the VES systems. These FCNTs contain a large number of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.…”

Section: High-temperature-resistant Ves Fracturing Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Liu

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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A viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid is an important part of a water-based fracturing fluid. As oil and gas exploration expands into deep, high-temperature, low-permeability reservoirs, the conventional VES fracturing fluid has shown great limitations. The high-temperature-resistance mechanisms of the high-temperature-resistant VES fracturing fluids in publicly available literature were analyzed from five aspects: single-chain surfactant system, oligomeric surfactant system, counterion effect, blended surfactant system, and nano-enhanced VES system. The friction-reduction performance, sand-carrying performance, gel-breaking performance, and core-damage performance of these systems were summarized. The results show that oligomeric surfactants with a monounsaturated hydrophobic long chain (>C21) are most likely to be used for VES fracturing fluids in high-temperature reservoirs, but the loading of the surfactants is still relatively high (3–5 wt %). By reducing the repulsion among polar headgroups to effectively decrease the area of head groups, or/and penetrating into the nonpolar cores based on hydrophobic interaction to increase the average hydrophobic volume of hydrophobic tails, counterions affect the performance of VESs. The aromatic counterion salts are preferred choices for improving the temperature resistance, friction reduction, and suspended sand performance of VES fluids. The blended surfactant/synthetic polymer systems based on noncovalent interaction improve the temperature resistance of VES fluids and reduce the loading of the surfactants to a certain extent. Based on the “pseudo-cross-linking” of nanomaterials and wormlike micelles, a very small amount of nanomaterials can improve the temperature resistance of VES fluids and reduce the loading of the surfactants. The most essential and effective method to improve the temperature resistance of VES fluids for fracturing is the molecular structure design based on the packing parameter theory. However, the synthesis process or route still needs further optimization to reduce production costs. In addition, given the excellent performance of VES fluids enhanced by nanomaterials, further research should be conducted on the influence mechanism of nanomaterial type and geometric features on the performance of VESs, as well as the potential harmfulness of nanomaterials, to promote the field-scale application of nano-enhanced VES fluids.

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“…Thus, the efficiency of the method is highly affected by reservoir conditions and fluid chemistry. To enhance the performance for application in harsh conditions researchers designed and investigated some NPs–polymer systems (Jan Bock Donald et al 1987 ; Nourafkan et al 2019 ; Tang et al 2022 ; Ye et al 2013 ; Zahiri et al 2022 ). The synergistic effects of NPs and polymers reflected some promising results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on application of nanoparticles for EOR purposes: history and current challenges

Iravani

Khalilnezhad

2023

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Applications of nanotechnology in several fields of petroleum industry, e.g., refinery, drilling and enhanced oil recovery (EOR), have attracted a lot of attention, recently. This research investigates the applications of nanoparticles in EOR process. The potential of various nanoparticles, in hybrid and bare forms for altering the state of wettability, reducing the interfacial tension (IFT), changing the viscosity and activation of other EOR mechanisms are studied based on recent findings. Focusing on EOR, hybrid applications of nanoparticles with surfactants, polymers, low-salinity phases and foams are discussed and their synergistic effects are evaluated. Also, activated EOR mechanisms are defined and specified. Since the stabilization of nanofluids in harsh conditions of reservoir is vital for EOR applications, different methods for stabilizing nanofluids through EOR procedures are reviewed. Besides, a discussion on different functional groups of NPs is represented. Later, an economic model for evaluation of EOR process is examined and “Hotelling” method as an appropriate model for investigation of economic aspects of EOR process is introduced in detail. The findings of this study can lead to better understanding of fundamental basis about efficiency of nanoparticles in EOR process, activated EOR mechanisms during application of nanoparticles, selection of appropriate nanoparticles, the methods of stabilizing and economic evaluation for EOR process with respect to costs and outcomes.

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Improved rheological properties and stability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polymer in harsh environment

Cited by 22 publications

References 64 publications

Stabilization of Polymer Nanocomposites in High-Temperature and High-Salinity Brines

Stabilization of Polymer Nanocomposites in High-Temperature and High-Salinity Brines

Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

A review on application of nanoparticles for EOR purposes: history and current challenges

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