Improved sintering activity and piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics from hydrothermally synthesized powders with Pb excess

Abstract

In this work, Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) powders were prepared by traditional hydrothermal method and solid state reaction. Subsequently, PZT ceramics were sintered and their electric properties (including piezoelectric coefficient d 33 , electromechanical coupling coefficient k p and mechanical quality factor Q m ) as a function of sintering temperature (1125-1250°C) were comparably studied. Given that the Pb deficiency may exist in the hydrothermally synthesized PZT powders, effects of Pb excess (0, 20 and 80 mol%) in the hydrothermal precursor on their sinterability were also involved. The hydrothermally synthesized PZT powders with 80 mol% Pb excess showed the highest sintering activity, and their electric properties peaked at 1175°C (d 33 = 225 pC/N, k p = 0.446, Q m = 300). It's demonstrated that A-site deficiency may degrade the sintering activity of PZT powders, and hydrothermal synthesis of PZT powders with appropriate Pb excess was the compromising pathway to increase their sinterability, decrease the sintering temperature and lessen the volatilization of Pb ion in the fabrication of widely applied PZT ceramic.

Structure and electrical properties of BCZT ceramics derived from microwave-assisted sol–gel-hydrothermal synthesized powders

“…As shown in the EDS spectrums, all elements belonging to BCZT ceramics are uniformly distributed throughout the observed www.nature.com/scientificreports/ area, without any significant element enrichment areas. Compared with solid-state reaction and sol-gel derived BCZT ceramics, MSGH derived BCZT ceramics have a lower sintering temperature (1400 °C) than those in the related reports (1450-1600 °C) 7,[31][32][33] , which may be attributed to the high activity of BCZT powders prepared by MSGH 34,35 . Figure 8a shows the temperature vs. dielectric constant (ε r ) for BCZT ceramics measured at 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 1000 kHz, respectively.…”

Recent progress in piezoelectric thin films as self-powered devices: material and application

“…PZT piezoelectric thin films are widely used, which can be made by various methods, such as magnetron sputtering (A strategy for obtaining AlN, 2023), chemical vapour deposition (Beklešovas et al, 2022), molecular beam epitaxial growth, hydrothermal synthesis (Aratani et al, 2001), pulsed laser deposition (Bian et al, 2016), and sol-gel (Gatabi et al, 2017).…”

Enhanced electromechanical coupling in Pb(ZrTi)O3 piezoelectric composite via poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) clamping

“…Attractively, in a PZT/P(VDF‐TrFE) sheet with 17 PZT columns with a thickness of 1.5 mm, f s and f p are 1.296 kHz and 938.07 kHz, respectively, and k t is calculated to a considerable value of 0.725, as illustrated in Figure 8F. Compared to PZT columns in literature, 6–9,27–30 the value of k t (0.725) of the PZT/P(VDF‐TrFE) piezoelectric sheet has been largely improved. Thus, the large k t corresponds to high sensitivity and transmission efficiency, which indicates this 1–3 PZT/P(VDF‐TrFE) sheet is anticipated to be applied in high‐precision energy‐transferring devices.…”

“…In the fabrication of 1‐3 type piezoelectric composites, the selection of piezoelectric and polymer phases is critical and varies based on the intended application, with a priority placed on achieving a uniform distribution of piezoelectric ceramics within the polymer matrix. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric ceramics, which boast a substantial coupling coefficient ( k t = 0.52), stand as a quintessential example of high‐performing piezoelectric materials 6–9 . PZT, with its ABO 3− type perovskite structure, denoted chemically as Pb(ZrTi)O 3 , comprises a ferroelectric phase, PbTiO 3 , and an antiferroelectric phase, PbZrO 3 , exhibiting exceptional piezoelectric and electromechanical coupling capabilities, surpassing those of BaTiO 3 ‐based ceramics 10 .…”