Improved Suzuki polycondensation: A diiodo versus a dibromo monomer

Schlüter, Stephanie; Frahn, Jörg; Karakaya, Birol; Schlüter, A. Dieter

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(20000101)201:1<139::aid-macp139>3.3.co;2-3

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The electron‐rich ligands facilitate the oxidative addition by increasing the electron‐density of the palladium intermediate 30, 31. The ligand–ligand exchange reaction between aryls at a Pd center and the phosphorus of the ligand and the deboronation of the thiophene‐based monomers are the main side reactions that prohibit the formation of high‐molecular‐weight polythiophenes 15–18, 32–35. The use of electron‐rich compounds as a ligand of palladium for Suzuki polycondensation should suppress the side reactions and afford higher molecular weight polymers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of renal cell carcinoma using alkaline comet assay

Lin

Wood

Shao

et al. 2007

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDDNA damage induced by mutagens has been associated with an individual's susceptibility to cancer.METHODSIn the current study, which involved 193 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients and 193 controls, DNA damage before mutagen induction (baseline), after benzo(α)pyrene dio epoxide (BPDE) treatment, and after γ‐radiation induction were assayed by comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Olive tail moments were used as DNA damage parameters. The 5 variables that were analyzed for their associations with RCC risk were baseline, BPDE‐induced, γ‐radiation‐induced, net BPDE‐induced (BPDE‐induced subtract baseline), and net γ‐radiation‐induced (γ‐radiation‐induced subtract baseline) Olive tail moments.RESULTSSignificantly higher Olive tail moments were observed in cases compared with controls at baseline (1.95 vs 1.65; P = .008), after BPDE induction (3.10 vs 2.38; P < .001), and after γ‐radiation induction (4.25 vs 3.47; P < .001). The net BPDE‐induced and γ‐radiation‐induced DNA damage was also found to be significantly higher in cases compared with controls (P < .001 for both mutagens). Using the 75th percentile Olive tail moments in the controls as the cutoff point, the authors found that high levels of baseline DNA damage, BPDE‐induced DNA damage, and γ‐radiation‐induced DNA damage were associated with significantly increased risks of RCC, with odds ratios of 1.96 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.26–3.06), 2.70 (95% CI, 1.72–4.23), and 3.13 (95% CI, 1.99–4.92), respectively. Similarly, net BPDE‐induced and net γ‐radiation‐induced DNA damages were also found to be significantly associated with elevated risks of RCC.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggest that both baseline and mutagen‐induced DNA damages assessed by comet assay are associated with an increased risk of RCC. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of renal cell carcinoma using alkaline comet assay

Lin

Wood

Shao

et al. 2007

Cancer

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“…Polycondensations were carried out under standard SPC conditions4–7, 20, 21 with freshly prepared Pd[P( p ‐tolyl) 3 ] 3 22 as the catalyst precursor (Scheme ) 23, 24. To meet the required exact 1:1 stoichiometry, a series of polymerization experiments were carried out for each of the two monomer combinations in which the molar proportions were slightly modified around the presumed matching point.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of amphiphilic poly(para‐phenylene)s by Suzuki polycondensation

Zhang

Schlaad

Schlüter

2003

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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1,4‐Dibromobenzenes carrying nonpolar hexoxy and polar oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains were subjected to Suzuki polycondensation with a benzene‐1,4‐bisboronic acid ester to produce high‐molar‐mass poly(para‐phenylene)s. The molar masses were determined with size exclusion chromatography with conventional polystyrene and universal calibration. These novel amphiphilically equipped rigid‐rod polymers have the potential to segregate lengthwise into polar and nonpolar domains, a property that has only rarely been described, and promise to exhibit novel interesting supramolecular properties. The oligo(ethylene gylcol) side chains terminate with a silyl‐protected alcohol group, and its deprotection on the polymer was proven to proceed quantitatively. This not only led to a further polarity increase but allows us to attach even more polar (e.g., charged) units in future projects. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2879–2889, 2003

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“…There are a few examples with aryliodides. Some of them seem to furnish better results in terms of molar masses90 but there is also a report in which such an improvement was not observed 68. There is too little information available specifically regarding direct comparisons of dibromo versus diiodo monomers of the exact same structure carried out in the same laboratory to draw general conclusions.…”

Section: Methodological Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubredoxin reductase from Alcanivorax borkumensis: Expression and characterization

Teimoori¹,

Ahmadian²,

Madadkar-Sobhani³

et al. 2011

Biotechnology Progress

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Oil pollution is an environmental problem of increasing importance. Alcanivorax borkumensis, with a high potential for biotechnological applications, is a key marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium and plays a critical role in the bioremediation of oil-polluted marine systems. In oil degrading bacteria, the first step of alkane degradation is catalyzed by a monooxygenase. The reducing electrons are tunneled from NAD(P)H via rubredoxin, one of the most primitive metalloproteins, to the hydroxylase. Rubredoxin reductase is a flavoprotein catalyzing the reduction of rubredoxin. There are two rubredoxin genes, alkG and rubA, in A. borkumensis genome. In this work, the genes encoding rubredoxin reductase (ABO_0162, rubB) and AlkG(ABO_2708, alkG) were cloned and functionally overexpressed in E. coli. Our results demonstrate that RubB could reduce AlkG, therefore compensating for the absence of AlkT, also a rubredoxin reductase, missing in A. borkumensis SK2 genome. These results will increase our knowledge concerning biological alkane degradation and will lead us to design more efficient biotransformation and bioremediation systems.

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Improved Suzuki polycondensation: A diiodo versus a dibromo monomer

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Risk assessment of renal cell carcinoma using alkaline comet assay

Risk assessment of renal cell carcinoma using alkaline comet assay

Synthesis of amphiphilic poly(para‐phenylene)s by Suzuki polycondensation

Rubredoxin reductase from Alcanivorax borkumensis: Expression and characterization

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