As a key type of emerging thermoelectric material, tin telluride (SnTe) has received extensive attention because of its low toxicity and eco-friendly nature. The recent trend shows that band engineering and nanostructuring can enhance thermoelectric performance of SnTe as intermediate temperature (400-800 K) thermoelectrics, which provides an alternative for toxic PbTe with the same operational temperature. This review highlights the key strategies to enhance the thermoelectric performance of SnTe materials through band engineering, carrier concentration optimization, synergistic engineering, and structure design. A fundamental analysis elucidates the underpinnings for the property improvement. This comprehensive review will boost the relevant research with a view to work on further performance enhancement of SnTe materials.where k B , e, h, m*, µ, and L are the Boltzmann constant, the carrier charge, the Planck's constant, the effective mass of the charge carrier, the carrier mobility, and the Lorenz number, respectively. As can be seen, S, σ, and κ e are interacted and conflict, which raises the difficulty to obtain high ZT. To solve these conflicts, extensive research has been carried out through band engineering to optimize S and σ, [5][6][7] and structuring to reduce the κ l . [8][9][10][11][12] Figure 1a summarizes recent significant achievements in different thermoelectric materials including SnSe, [25] 3%Na-(PbTe) 0.8 (PbS) 0.2 , [70] Cu 2 S 0.5 Te 0.5 , [71] and GeSbTe. [72] As can be seen, the current ZT values of the thermoelectric materials lie between 1 and 2, [7,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] resulting in the fact that the current thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency is comparable to the other energy conversion technologies, such as photovoltaic cells, [22] and solar thermal plants. [22] Considerable research has been continuing to further drive ZT higher than 2 with the predicted efficiency over 20%, [24,25] which can attract highly exciting prospect in the energy generation and conservation fields.In terms of the industrial and automotive applications, waste heats are generally produced in the temperature range of 500-900 K. [26][27][28] To recover such waste heats, developing high-performance mid-temperature (400-900 K) thermoelectric materials is highly desired. For this purpose, lead telluride (PbTe) and its alloys have been considered as a primary material system. [7,10,14,17,29] However, the toxicity associated with Pb causes severe threat to the environment and needs to be alternated for domestic usage. [30] Hence, as its analog, tin telluride (SnTe) [21,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] with the rock-salt crystal structure has been inspired with great interests. [32] Especially, SnTe is nontoxic, earth-abundant, and environment friendly, [45] which makes it