Improved Tire Wet Traction through the Use of Mineral Fillers

Mouri, Hiroshi; Akutagawa, Keizo

doi:10.5254/1.3538845

Cited by 42 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Filled rubbers are used in a wide range of applications, the most important being the production of automotive tires, where the performance characteristics are strongly affected by fillers properties, particle–particle and rubber–filler interactions. Silica provides several advantages over carbon blacks; especially, a lower rolling resistance at equal wear resistance and wet grip 1. Silica is generally classified as a highly polar filler because of the large number of silanol groups on its surface 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payne effect in silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber: Influence of surface treatment

Ramier

Gauthier

Chazeau

et al. 2006

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

197

113

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The nonlinear effect at small strains (Payne effect) has been investigated in the case of silica‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber. The originality of this study lies in the careful preparation of samples in order to fix all parameters except one, that is, the modification of the silica surface by grafting silane (introduced at different concentrations) via reactive mixing. The organosilane can be either a coupling or a covering surface treatment with an octyl alkyl chain. A careful morphological investigation has been performed prior to mechanical characterization and silica dispersion was found to be the same whatever the type and the amount of silane. The increasing amount of covering agents was found to reduce the amplitude of the Payne effect. A similar decrease is observed for low coupling agent concentration. At higher concentrations, the evolution turns through an increase due to the contribution of the covalent bonds between the matrix and the silica acting as additional crosslinking. The discussion of the initial modulus was done in the frame of both the filler–filler and filler–polymer models. It is unfortunately not possible to distinguish both scenarios, because filler–filler and filler–matrix interactions are modified in the same manner by the grafting covering agent. On the other hand, the reversible decrease of the modulus versus strain (Payne effect) is interpreted in terms of debonding of the polymeric chains from the filler surface. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 286–298, 2007

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Payne effect in silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber: Influence of surface treatment

Ramier

Gauthier

Chazeau

et al. 2006

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

197

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, in the tyre industry, silica imparts to tyre treads a lower rolling resistance than carbon black and at the same time an equal wear resistance and wet grip. 1 One of the main disadvantages of the use of silica prepared by the conventional ex situ synthesis methods is the high tendency for the particles to agglomerate within the rubber matrix due to the strong particle-particle interactions, which can result in high compound viscosity and reduced processability. Furthermore, the incompatibility between silica and nonpolar elastomers, such as styrene-butadiene rubber or natural rubber, often requires the use of silane coupling agents to improve the reinforcing efficiency of silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of EPDM rubber modified with in situ generated silica

Morselli

Bondioli

Luyt

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article is concerned with the preparation of a filled elastomer by means the nonconventional bottom-up approach to\ud polymer composites, alternatively with the conventional mechanical compounding of preformed filler particles with rubber. EPDM rubber was modified with in situ generated silica particles prepared by means of a sol–gel process adopting a solution process. The used synthetic procedure permitted the preparation of highly filled rubbers (up to 40 wt % of silica) with silica particle dimensions ranging from 0.2 to 2 um. Equilibrium swelling and extraction tests indicated a hindering effect of the presence of in situ generated silica on the vulcanization process which reduced the cross linking degree of the rubber matrix. Both tensile tests and dynamic–mechanical analysis showed a significant improvement in the mechanical properties due to the presence of the reinforcing filler, with an enhancement more significant than that expected from a simple hydrodynamic reinforcing mechanism

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“…In the case of a constant stress process, the energy loss during one periodic deformation is where G * is the complex modulus and J ″ is the loss compliance. Mouri11 proposed a simplified equation for energy loss by using a deformation index ( n ): where n ranges between 0 and 2 and is an indication of the mode of deformation. When n = 0, Eq.…”

Section: Internal Heat Buildup and Materials Viscoelasticitymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…More recently, a stress‐controlled flexometer was developed in response to a lack of correlation between the observations from dynamic fatigue testing at constant strain deformation and heat buildup in truck tires. Mouri11 demonstrated that heat buildup in a truck tire was closer to a constant stress deformation than a constant strain deformation, and a flexometer based on a constant stress deformation could better predict the tire temperature rise. Mead et al12 used a stress‐controlled flexometer to screen PU formulations in high‐loading applications, such as rubber pads for military tracked vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cast polyurethane elastomers with improved dynamic fatigue resistance

Xie

Lakrout

Mueller

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cast polyurethane (PU) elastomers have been widely used in dynamic applications, such as rollers and wheels, where a low heat buildup, high‐loading resistance, and good cut‐growth resistance are desired. Because of their different molecular structure, cast PU elastomers do not perform in the same way in highly demanding dynamic applications. Small variations in the viscoelastic properties can result in significant differences in the longevity of the wheels and rollers that are subjected to a large number of cyclic compressive deformations. Therefore, it is of great interest to understand dynamic performance of urethane elastomers based on various backbones. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is commonly used to differentiate the dynamic performance of elastomers, but it only provides characterization of the dynamic behavior of a given elastomer at small deformation in the linear viscoelastic regime, where information such as the heat buildup and load‐bearing capability of elastomers cannot be obtained. As such, we developed a stress‐controlled flexometer on the basis of the ISO4666/4 method that enabled measurement of the heat buildup and load‐bearing capabilities of urethane elastomers in a large dynamic deformation environment. Moreover, a dynamometer was constructed to evaluate wheels based on different urethane elastomers under load at various speeds; this allowed close simulation of the urethane elastomers in a real application environment. In this article, the viscoelastic properties of cast urethane elastomers based on different backbones were studied by DMA. The heat buildup and load‐bearing capabilities of the elastomers were investigated via the stress‐controlled flexometer, and the performance of the wheels based on various prepolymer systems were evaluated with the dynamometer. Correlations between the material viscoelastic behavior and the heat buildup were established. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

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Improved Tire Wet Traction through the Use of Mineral Fillers

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Payne effect in silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber: Influence of surface treatment

Payne effect in silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber: Influence of surface treatment

Preparation and characterization of EPDM rubber modified with in situ generated silica

Cast polyurethane elastomers with improved dynamic fatigue resistance

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