Improved traceable measurement of the reflected step pressure in shock tube with the compensation of shock wave attenuation

Yao, Zhenjian; Liu, Xiaojun; Wang, Chenchen; Yang, Wenjun

doi:10.1016/j.ast.2020.106302

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The boundary conditions for this equation take into account that all the boundaries are stationary, except for the wall of the FOV, the velocity of which in the axial direction is constant and negative. After solving (10), the mesh is modified as…”

Section: E Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Castro,

Kutin,

Svete

2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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To develop a measurement system for calibrating high-frequency dynamic pressure that is capable of acting as a primary dynamic pressure calibration standard, a new concept of the shock tube, called the diaphragmless shock tube, has recently been developed. In most such shock tubes the diaphragm is replaced with a commercially available, ISTA KB fast-opening valve. In this article a numerical model was built in OpenFOAM to investigate the effects of the opening mechanism of ISTA KB-40-100 fast-opening valve on the formation of the shock wave in a shock tube with an internal radius of 20 mm. Numerical simulations were performed for the driver-driven pressure ratio of 40 and the valve-opening speeds of 5 m/s, 10 m/s and 20 m/s, which were compared with the case of instantaneous valve opening, and the results predicted by the ideal shock tube theory. The observed variables were the mass flow through the valve, as well as the pressure, the temperature and the shock wave velocity in the formation region behind the valve. The results show that when the shock wave undergoes an initial acceleration, the shock front accelerates more at higher opening speeds of the valve. The results also show that the valve-opening mechanism generates a series of reflection waves that propagate into the driven section, giving the shock wave velocity an oscillatory character, which can affect the calibration and measurement capability of the shock tube as a primary high-frequency, time-varying, pressure calibration standard.

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Section: E Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(c)). The amplitude of the pressure step change upon reflection of the shock front can be calculated as [8], [9], [10]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Castro,

Kutin,

Svete

2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…The reference pressure step signal generated at the end-wall of the driven section is defined by the pressure step amplitude and the arrival time of the initial shock front at the end-wall of the driven section. The amplitude of the generated pressure step at the end-wall of the driven section can be determined using traceable measurements of the shock wave velocity at the end-wall V wall and the initial absolute pressure P 1 and temperature T 1 of the gas in the driven section as [ 22 , 23 ]:

where

is the adiabatic index,

is the shock wave Mach number,

is the speed of sound and R 1 is the specific gas constant. The velocity of the shock wave generated in the shock tube attenuates along the driven section due to the thermal-viscous effects [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Dynamic Response of a Side-Wall Pressure Measurement System on Determining the Pressure Step Signal in a Shock Tube Using a Time-of-Flight Method

Svete

Castro

Kutin

2022

Sensors

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Technological progress demands accurate measurements of rapidly changing pressures. This, in turn, requires the use of dynamically calibrated pressure meters. The shock tube enables the dynamic characterization by applying an almost ideal pressure step change to the pressure sensor under calibration. This paper evaluates the effect of the dynamic response of a side-wall pressure measurement system on the detection of shock wave passage times over the side-wall pressure sensors installed along the shock tube. Furthermore, it evaluates this effect on the reference pressure step signal determined at the end-wall of the driven section using a time-of-flight method. To determine the errors in the detection of the shock front passage times over the centers of the side-wall sensors, a physical model for simulating the dynamic response of the complete measurement chain to the passage of the shock wave was developed. Due to the fact that the use of the physical model requires information about the effective diameter of the pressure sensor, special attention was paid to determining the effective diameter of the side-wall pressure sensors installed along the shock tube. The results show that the relative systematic errors in the pressure step amplitude at the end-wall of the shock tube due to the errors in the detection of the shock front passage times over the side-wall pressure sensors are less than 0.0003%. On the other hand, the systematic errors in the phase lag of the end-wall pressure signal in the calibration frequency range appropriate for high-frequency dynamic pressure applications are up to a few tens of degrees. Since the target phase measurement uncertainty of the pressure sensors used in high-frequency dynamic pressure applications is only a few degrees, the corrections for the systematic errors in the detection of the shock front passage times over the side-wall pressure sensors with the use of the developed physical dynamic model are, therefore, necessary when performing dynamic calibrations of pressure sensors with a shock tube.

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“…Several National Metrology Institutes are working to establish a traceability chain of time-varying pressure measurements [10][11][12][13][14][15]. To establish the traceability, developing the candidate primary standards that can realize time-varying pressure with a specific frequency bandwidth and amplitude is important [16,17]. In addition, developing robust methods for calculating the dynamic response of time-varying pressure measurement systems is needed [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards traceable dynamic pressure calibration using a shock tube with an optical probe for accurate phase determination

2022

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In this paper, we introduce a robust method for dynamic characterization of pressure measuring systems used in time-varying pressure applications. The dynamic response of the pressure measuring systems in terms of sensitivity and phase as a function of frequency at various amplitudes of the measurand can be provided. The shock tube which is the candidate primary standard for dynamic pressure calibration at the National Laboratory for pressure, Sweden, was used to realize the dynamic pressure. The shock tube setup used in this study can realize reference pressure with amplitudes up to 1.7 MPa in the frequency range from below a kilohertz up to a megahertz. The amplitude of the realized step pressure was calculated using the Rankine-Hugoniot step relations. In addition, the accurate time of arrival of the generated shock at the device under test (DUT) was measured using an optical probe based on shadowgraphy. The optical detector has a response time in nanosecond time scale which is several orders of magnitude faster than the response time of any pressure measuring system. Hereby, the latency between physical stimuli and response of the DUT can be measured. By the knowledge of the amplitude and the accurate time of arrival of the reference step pressure, the transfer function of the DUT can be calculated and presented in Bode diagrams of sensitivity and phase response versus frequency. The uncertainty in sensitivity and phase measurements was estimated. The information provided by this work is useful for developing reliable models of dynamic pressure measuring system and provide accurate information about their dynamic response. That in turn will contribute to establish a traceability chain for dynamic pressure calibration.

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Improved traceable measurement of the reflected step pressure in shock tube with the compensation of shock wave attenuation

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Effect of the Dynamic Response of a Side-Wall Pressure Measurement System on Determining the Pressure Step Signal in a Shock Tube Using a Time-of-Flight Method

Towards traceable dynamic pressure calibration using a shock tube with an optical probe for accurate phase determination

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