Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol-chemistry-climate model SOCOL-AERv2

Feinberg, Aryeh; Sukhodolov, Timofei; Luo, B. P.; Rozanov, Eugene; Winkel, Lenny H. E.; Peter, Thomas; Stenke, Andrea

doi:10.5194/gmd-2019-138

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 85 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The CCM SOCOL‐AER2‐BE (chemistry‐climate model SOlar Climate Ozone Links with aerosol and Beryllium modules) is based on the SOCOL‐AER2 model (Feinberg et al., 2019) extended with the beryllium module (Golubenko, Rozanov, Kovaltsov, et al., 2021). This model version consists of the general circulation model MA‐ECHAM5 (Hommel et al., 2011) and the atmospheric chemistry module MEZON (Model for investigating ozone trends) (Egorova et al., 2003), interacting with each other every two modeling hours.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (⁷Be, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, and ³⁶Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere

Golubenko

Rozanov

Kovaltsov³

et al. 2022

JGR Atmospheres

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cosmogenic isotopes are nuclides whose main source is continuous production in the Earth's atmosphere by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and sporadically by solar energetic particles (SEPs) (Beer et al., 2012;Miyake et al., 2019). Other sources of these isotopes such as anthropogenic production during atmospheric nuclear weapon tests (Elmore et al., 1982) are not considered here. The isotope production rate varies in time: more/ less isotope atoms are produced by GCRs during solar minimum/maximum times, respectively (Masarik & Beer, 2009;Poluianov et al., 2016), while the production by SEPs only takes place during sporadic strong or extreme solar eruptive events (Schrijver et al., 2012;. On longer time scales, changes of the geomagnetic field modulate the isotope production. The spatial distribution of the isotope production changes for different periods and types of events. Accordingly, it is important, for studies of the cosmogenic isotopes and their terrestrial applications, to model the isotopes' production precisely for different conditions.Cosmogenic isotopes have a broad range of decay times from minutes (e.g., half-life of 39 Cl is 56 min) to millions of years (1.388 ⋅ 10 6 years for 10 Be)-see (Chmeleff et al., 2010;Korschinek et al., 2010). Short-living isotopes decay fast and are not transported far from the production site, but transport and deposition processes are important for isotopes with the life time longer than several months. The cosmogenic isotopes are transported by air masses and subsequently diffuse to the surface of the land and the oceans (Keeling et al., 2017). Most useful cosmogenic isotopes applied for studies of solar variability, cosmic rays, and also atmospheric dynamics are 14

show abstract

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (⁷Be, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, and ³⁶Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere

Golubenko

Rozanov

Kovaltsov³

et al. 2022

JGR Atmospheres

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, we used the aerosol-chemistry-climate model (CCM) SOCOL-AERv2, which is a state-ofthe-art global model described in detail by previous studies 42 . In brief, SOCOL-AERv2 is a combination of the middle atmosphere version of the general circulation model (GCM) ECHAM5 43 , the chemical model (CTM) MEZON (Model for the Evaluation of oZONe trends) 44 , and the interactive sulfate aerosol model AER 45 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary atmospheric oxygen levels maximize global protection by ozone

Józefiak

Sukhodolov

Egorova

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photolysis of molecular oxygen (O2) sustains the stratospheric ozone layer and is thereby protecting living organisms on Earth by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. In the past, atmospheric O2 levels have not been constant, and their variations are thought to be responsible for the extinction of species due to the thinning of the ozone layer. Over the Phanerozoic Eon (last ~500 Mio years), the O2 volume mixing ratio ranged between 10% and 35% depending on the level of photosynthetic activity of plants and oceans. Previous estimates, however, showed ambiguous ozone (O3) responses to atmospheric O2 changes, such as monotonically positive or negative correlations, or displaying a maximum in the O3 column around a certain O2 level. Here, we assess the ozone layer sensitivity to atmospheric O2 varying between 5% and 40% with a state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model (CCM). Our findings show that the O3 layer thickness maximizes around the current mixing ratio of O2, 21%, under the contemporary boundary conditions. Lower or higher levels of O2 result globally in a reduction of total column O3 and, therefore, allow more harmful ultraviolet radiation (UV) to reach the surface. At low latitudes, the total column O3 is less sensitive to O2 changes, because of the known “self-healing” effect. In mid and high latitudes, however, there is an equator-to-pole variation between high and low O2 cases. Particularly, polar cap O3 is more sensitive to O2 with changes up to 20 DU even for small O2 perturbations. These variations are modulated by the radiative impact of O3 on stratospheric temperatures and on the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC), indicating chemistry-radiation-transport feedback. High O2 cases result in an acceleration of the BDC, and vice versa. This renders the relationship between O3 and molecular O2 to be non-linear on both global and regional scales, however still maximizing global mean total O3 column at contemporary O2 levels.

show abstract

“…Section 2 describes the SOCOL-AER model and the implementation of Se chemistry in the SOCOL-AER model. The SOCOL-AER model is a suitable tool to model the Se cycle, since it successfully describes the major properties of the atmospheric S cycle (Sheng et al, 2015;Feinberg et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…SOCOL-AERv2 is a global CCM that includes a coupled sulfate aerosol microphysical scheme (Sheng et al, 2015;Feinberg et al, 2019b). The base CCM, SOCOLv3 (Stenke et al, 2013), is a combination of the general circulation model ECHAM5 (Roeckner et al, 2003) and the chemical model MEZON (Egorova et al, 2003).…”

Section: Socol-aermentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the drivers of uncertainty in atmospheric selenium deposition with global sensitivity analysis

Feinberg¹,

Moustapha²,

Stenke³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. An estimated 0.5&#8211;1 billion people globally have inadequate intakes of selenium (Se), due to a lack of bioavailable Se in agricultural soils. Deposition from the atmosphere, especially through precipitation, is an important source of Se to soils. However, very little is known about the atmospheric cycling of Se. It has therefore been difficult to predict how far Se travels in the atmosphere and where it deposits. To answer these questions, we have built the first global atmospheric Se model by implementing Se chemistry into an aerosol&#8211;chemistry&#8211;climate model, SOCOL-AER. In the model, we include information from the literature about the emissions, speciation, and chemical transformation of atmospheric Se. Natural processes and anthropogenic activities emit volatile Se compounds, which oxidize quickly and partition to the particulate phase. Our model tracks the transport and deposition of Se in 7 gas-phase species and 41 aerosol tracers. However, there are large uncertainties associated with many of the model's input parameters. In order to identify which model uncertainties are the most important for understanding the atmospheric Se cycle, we conducted a global sensitivity analysis with 34 input parameters related to Se chemistry, Se emissions, and the interaction of Se with aerosols. In the first bottom-up estimate of its kind, we have calculated a median global atmospheric lifetime of 4.4&#8201;d (days), ranging from 2.9&#8211;6.4&#8201;d (2nd&#8211;98th percentile) given the uncertainties of the input parameters. The uncertainty in the Se lifetime is mainly driven by the uncertainty in the carbonyl selenide (OCSe) oxidation rate and the lack of tropospheric aerosol species other than sulfate aerosols in SOCOL-AER. In contrast to uncertainties in Se lifetime, the uncertainty in deposition flux maps are governed by Se emission factors, with all four Se sources (volcanic, marine biosphere, terrestrial biosphere, and anthropogenic emissions) contributing equally to the uncertainty in deposition over agricultural areas. We evaluated the simulated Se wet deposition fluxes from SOCOL-AER with a compiled database of rainwater Se measurements, since wet deposition contributes around 80&#8201;% of total Se deposition. Despite difficulties in comparing a global, coarse resolution model with local measurements from a range of time periods, past Se wet deposition measurements are within the range of the model's 2nd&#8211;98th percentile at 79&#8201;% of background sites. This agreement validates the application of the SOCOL-AER model to identifying regions which are at risk of low atmospheric Se inputs. In order to constrain the uncertainty in Se deposition fluxes over agricultural soils we should prioritize field campaigns measuring Se emissions, rather than laboratory measurements of Se rate constants.

show abstract

Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol-chemistry-climate model SOCOL-AERv2

Cited by 4 publications

References 85 publications

Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (⁷Be, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, and ³⁶Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere

Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (⁷Be, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, and ³⁶Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere

Contemporary atmospheric oxygen levels maximize global protection by ozone

Mapping the drivers of uncertainty in atmospheric selenium deposition with global sensitivity analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Improved tropospheric and stratospheric sulfur cycle in the aerosol-chemistry-climate model SOCOL-AERv2

Cited by 4 publications

References 85 publications

Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (7Be, 10Be, 14C, and 36Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere

Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (7Be, 10Be, 14C, and 36Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere

Contemporary atmospheric oxygen levels maximize global protection by ozone

Mapping the drivers of uncertainty in atmospheric selenium deposition with global sensitivity analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (⁷Be, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, and ³⁶Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere

Zonal Mean Distribution of Cosmogenic Isotope (⁷Be, ¹⁰Be, ¹⁴C, and ³⁶Cl) Production in Stratosphere and Troposphere