Improvement and decline of cognitive function in schizophrenia over one year: a longitudinal investigation using latent growth modelling

Barnett, Jennifer H.; Croudace, Tim; Jaycock, Sue; Blackwell, Candice; Hynes, Fiona; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Joyce, Eileen M.; Jones, Peter B.

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-7-16

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Cognitive disturbances are considered to be a core feature of schizophrenia and include deficits in visuospatial recognition (Barnett et al . 2007; O’Donnell et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic loss of D‐amino acid oxidase activity reverses schizophrenia‐like phenotypes in mice

Labrie

Wang²,

Barger

et al. 2010

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Reduced function of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The NMDAR contains a glycine binding site in its NR1 subunit that may be a useful target for the treatment of schizophrenia. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of long-term increases in the brain levels of the endogenous NMDAR glycine site agonist D-serine, through the genetic inactivation of its catabolic enzyme D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in mice. The effects of eliminating DAO function were investigated in mice that display schizophrenia-related behavioral deficits due to a mutation (Grin1 D481N ) in the NR1 subunit that results in a reduction in NMDAR glycine affinity. Grin1 D481N mice show deficits in sociability, prolonged latent inhibition, enhanced startle reactivity and impaired spatial memory. The hypofunctional Dao1 G181R mutation elevated brain levels of D-serine, but alone it did not affect performance in the behavioral measures. Compared to animals with only the Grin1 D481N mutation, mice with both the Dao1 G181R and Grin1 D481N mutations displayed an improvement in social approach and spatial memory retention, as well as a reversal of abnormally persistent latent inhibition and a partial normalization of startle responses. Thus, an increased level of D-serine resulting from decreased catalysis corrected the performance of mice with deficient NMDAR glycine site activation in behavioral tasks relevant to the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Diminished DAO activity and elevations in D-serine may serve as an effective therapeutic intervention for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms.

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“…Cognitive disturbances are considered to be a core feature of schizophrenia and include deficits in visuospatial recognition (Barnett et al . 2007; O’Donnell et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic loss of D‐amino acid oxidase activity reverses schizophrenia‐like phenotypes in mice

Labrie

Wang²,

Barger

et al. 2010

Genes Brain and Behavior

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“…A longitudinal investigation of cognitive function in schizophrenia over 1 year reported a decline in spatial recognition but not in pattern recognition or motor speed, using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) as part of the CUtLASS trials. In that study cognitive changes were present in schizophrenia patients but the magnitude of change was small compared with differences in cognitive measures that existed between patients [28]. A recent study assessed stability of cognition and its relation to functional outcome over a 1-year test-retest interval in 128 schizophrenia outpatients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Long-Term Test-Retest Reliability of the CPT-IP in Schizophrenia

Hahn

Vollath

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs version (CPT-IP) is a well-established measure of sustained attention, and its more challenging versions are particularly suited to detect subtle processing deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, while there are few longitudinal samples for the CPT-IP, no study has addressed stability for more than two month in patients with schizophrenia. Assessing long-term test-retest reliability of the CPT-IP would facilitate the ability of clinicians to draw conclusions from studies involving interventions as long term cognitive or pharmacological treatments. The present study assessed 12 month test-retest reliability for the two most challenging versions of CPT-IP (4-digit and shapes) in a matched sample of clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients and healthy controls.MethodsFifty clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients and 50 healthy controls were assessed with the CPT-IP for the 4-digit and shape conditions. From these, 40 patients and 47 controls were reassessed with an average interval of 12.3 months between test sessions. Test-retest reliability was analyzed with Pearson correlations and results were compared with previous data involving healthy controls and short-term studies in patients with schizophrenia.ResultsEspecially d’ and hit rate discriminated well between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls for both CPT-IP conditions and at both test sessions. Healthy controls demonstrated sufficient long term test-retest correlations of d’, hit rate and reaction time for both the 4-digit and shape conditions. However, in schizophrenia patients, long-term reliability correlations were at best moderate for d’ and hit rate only.ConclusionsThe current study provides further evidence that d’ and hit rate yield consistent cross-sectional discrimination sensitivity. At best moderate long-term test-retest reliability of d’ in schizophrenia outpatients may be not sufficient for practical use of this measure in long term clinical trials.

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“…Drop out rates on the order of 25–30% are not unusual in longitudinal studies with community participants (6, 40). Studies involving severely ill patient populations have published data losses as high as 42–74% (41, 42). Our rate, however, is a little high when compared to the reported 17–21% drop out rates in similar quasi-experimental studies of participants with cardiovascular disease (17, 22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Cognitive Complaints Relate to White Matter Hyperintensities and Future Cognitive Decline in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease

Haley

Hoth

Gunstad

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objective-Elderly patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) often report cognitive difficulties including reduced cognitive processing speed and attention. On cross-sectional examination, such reports relate more closely to mood than to objective measures of cognitive performance, thus questioning the validity of subjective cognitive complaints as a marker of neurodegenerative processes. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between self-reported cognitive difficulties, depression, and performance on objective tests of global cognition in patients with CVD.Participants and Methods-Forty-seven CVD patients (ages 55 to 85 years) completed a measure of perceived cognitive dysfunction (Cognitive Difficulties Scale), a medical history questionnaire, the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at baseline and 12 months later. Baseline brain imaging was available on a small sub-sample (n = 17).Results-Hierarchical linear regression revealed that increased report of cognitive difficulties at baseline was significantly associated with poorer DRS performance at follow-up (F(3,43) = 4.45, p = .008, CDS partial r = −.30, p = .048), independent of age, education, baseline DRS and BDI scores. Greater perceived cognitive dysfunction at baseline also related to higher level of white matter lesions (r = .53, df = 15, p = .028).Address for Correspondence: Andreana P. Haley, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A8000, Austin, TX 78712, haley@psy.utexas.edu, Phone: (512) Fax: (512) . This work was presented in part at the 35 th Annual Meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, Portland, OR.No Disclosures to Report. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAm J Geriatr Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 November 1. NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptConclusions-Self-reported cognitive difficulties may reflect early changes in cognitive aging that are difficult to detect using global cognitive screening measures at a single time point. Yet, these perceived difficulties relate to objectively measured cognitive decline over time. Thus, they may provide important clinical information about early neurodegenerative processes that should be carefully monitored. KeywordsSubjective Cognitive Complaints; Cognition; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dementia Ratings Scale; White Matter Hyperintensities OBJECTIVESubjective cognitive complaints among the elderly have been a focus of intense debate in the research literature over the past decade. Some studies have documented a significant relationship between perceived cognitive dysfunction, current cognitive impairment, and risk for future cognitive decline (1-6). Others have demonstrated that self-reported cognitive difficulties relate more closely to current physical and emotional state (e.g., anxiety and depression), and certain personality characteristics, such as perceived locus of control (mastery), self-efficacy, and level of ...

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Improvement and decline of cognitive function in schizophrenia over one year: a longitudinal investigation using latent growth modelling

Abstract: Background: Long-term follow-up studies of people with schizophrenia report stability of cognitive performance; less is known about any shorter-term changes in cognitive function.

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Genetic loss of D‐amino acid oxidase activity reverses schizophrenia‐like phenotypes in mice

Genetic loss of D‐amino acid oxidase activity reverses schizophrenia‐like phenotypes in mice

Assessing Long-Term Test-Retest Reliability of the CPT-IP in Schizophrenia

Subjective Cognitive Complaints Relate to White Matter Hyperintensities and Future Cognitive Decline in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease

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