Improvement and Uncertainties of Global Simulation of Sulfate Concentration and Radiative Forcing in CESM2

Abstract

Sulfate is one of the major species of aerosol. Both natural sources (such as oxidation of dimethyl sulfur [DMS]) over the ocean and anthropogenic emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) are important sources of sulfate (Hussain & Lun, 2019;Sanchez et al., 2018;Yan & Xu, 2021). Human industrial activities have increased significantly since the industrial era, and the gas-phase, liquid-phase and surface heterogeneous oxidations of SO 2 have gradually accounted for the main sources of sulfate (B. Liu et al., 2017;Xue et al., 2016). As an important component of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), sulfate at high concentrations will aggravate the formation of haze, thus causing serious air pollution and influencing human health (Sha et al., 2019;B. Zheng et al., 2015;Zhou et al., 2020). Moreover, sulfate is also one of the main species of acid deposition, reducing the pH values of rain droplets and aggravating acid rain (M. Liu et al., 2020;Lu et al., 2015;. At the same time, sulfate is also the main component of cloud condensation nuclei, which affects microphysical processes, including the formation of clouds and precipitation, thus affecting solar radiation and climate (Cziczo et al., 2013). Furthermore, sulfate itself is also one of the key short-lived species that has negative radiative forcing (RF),

Photoactivation of Chlorine and Its Catalytic Role in the Formation of Sulfate Aerosols

“…Sulfate is a crucial component of atmospheric particulate matter with significant implications for atmospheric radiative forcing, , regional air quality, and human health. , However, current global and regional models, including the incorporate known formation pathways tend to underestimate the atmospheric sulfate content − particularly in the marine boundary layer (MBL) and during haze events in the North China plain . This implies that critical gaps remain in our understanding of atmospheric sulfate production mechanisms.…”