Improvement in electrochemical capacitance of carbon materials by nitric acid treatment

High-Performance Supercapacitor of Functionalized Carbon Fiber Paper with High Surface Ionic and Bulk Electronic Conductivity: Effect of Organic Functional Groups

“…In addition to the physical adsorption, pseudocapacitors can store electronic charges via a fast redox reaction at the active surface area of the electrode. In general, metal oxide and conducting polymer are used as the active electrode materials in pseudocapacitors [5,6]. A major advantage of carbon-based EDLCs over the pseudocapacitors is their higher cycling stability up to >100,000 cycles.…”

Oxygen reduction reaction increased tolerance and fuel cell performance of Pt and RuxSey onto oxide–carbon composites

“…Of particular interest is the development or modification of the most popular one: carbon (e.g., Vulcan XC-72) for technical anode or cathode electrodes for low temperature fuel cells. Chemical modification of carbon nanotubes [1][2][3] or nanostructured carbon [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] has been undertaken. Another strategy to stabilize the support is to develop metal-oxide substrates as reported for SiO 2 [13], NbO 2 [14], MnO x [15], WO x [16,17], SnO 2 [18] and TiO x [15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

A comparative study of the electrochemical properties of carbon nanotubes and carbon black

“…Common procedure is acid treatment in HNO 3 [8,9] or in mixture of HNO 3 and H 2 SO 4 [10][11][12], although heat treatment [13] and electrochemical oxidation [14] were also proposed. Oxidative treatment violates graphene structure and produces oxygencontaining functional groups on the surface [6], which makes CNTs active for electrochemical reactions [13].…”