Improvement in reproducibility of large-scale perovskite solar cells using automatic liquid injection in antisolvent method

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells are the most promising technology for highly efficient and cost-effective light-to-electricity conversion devices. To achieve high-quality and reproducible perovskite photo-absorbers in these devices, a great variety of deposition methods has been introduced. The widely used antisolvent approach is an efficient way for producing a homogeneous and dense perovskite films. However, the reproducibility of the obtained perovskite films is low due to uncontrollable parameters during the antisolvent dripping. In this work, an automatic liquid injection machine was used for controlling the antisolvent dripping parameters and enhancing the reproducibility of large-scale (>1 cm2) perovskite solar cells. Additionally, when compared to a manual liquid dropping, the automatic liquid injection improved the precision and consistency of liquid droplets. Our proposed method could reduce manual production tolerances and improve the reproducibility and accuracy for fabricating large-scale perovskite solar cells. Finally, it enhances manufacturing capacity and reduces the amount of waste produced during production.