Improvement in the thermal conductivity and stability of rare-earth metal oxide nanofluids using the stabilizing action of nano CaCO3 in comparison with the stabilizing action of sodium dodecyl sulphate

Study of Time-Varying Laws of Stability and Wettability of SiO2–H2O Nanofluids with Different Particle Sizes

“…As long as t 1 *– t 1 is long enough, the advantageous performance of SiO 2 –H 2 O nanofluids can be guaranteed, which provides important guarantees for the effect and time of enhancing water injection in coal seams. At present, numerous scholars have shown that particle size, particle concentration, ultrasonic treatment duration, surfactant, and pH value are the main factors that influence the stability of nanofluids. ,− Therefore, selecting appropriate particle size, particle concentration, ultrasonic treatment duration, and surfactant and controlling pH value are critical for enhancing water injection in coal seams by SiO 2 –H 2 O nanofluids, which will be a focus in future research.…”