Searching for novel materials with intrinsically low thermal conductivity and uncovering their origin is an essential way to realize high performance in various energy-related applications, including thermoelectrics. Understanding the role of different structural features in materials can assist us in designing thermal transport properties. Herein, we report thermal transport behavior of In 2 Te 5 , which is closely related to its layered zigzag structure and bonding in planar-coordinated Te-chains. The experimental thermal conductivity shows significant anisotropy for the measured two directions and an extremely low value in the interlayer direction of about 0.3 W m −1 K −1 at 673 K. The theoretical calculations of lattice thermal conductivity based on density functional theory support this behavior, and furthermore, they even reveal unprecedented anisotropy in the in-layer direction. We demonstrate that these thermal transport behaviors can be attributed to resonant bonding and lattice dynamics observed at the Te atoms in the planar-coordinated environment. Particularly strikingly, we discover a counterintuitive large positive and negative split of the Born effective charge (+8.7 and −5.1) at the adjacent Te atoms bonded covalently within the same plane. They induce a significant dipole interaction in the x-direction. Optical phonons are significantly softened in the specific direction by these characteristics in the Te-plane, which leads to large anisotropy in thermal transport. Our findings should encourage further excavation of novel features in lattice dynamics out of unexplored materials with complex structures.