Improvement, Learning and Retention of Skill at Visual Search

Rabbitt, Patrick; Cumming, Geoff; Vyas, Subhash

doi:10.1080/14640747908400738

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The pattern of results within the present studies is consistent with earlier work that demonstrated retention decrements within memory/visual search (Rabbitt et al, 1979) but not with pure visual search (Healy et al, 1990).…”

Section: Summary and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Consequently, the automatic processing literature contains only a limited number of studies (e.g., Healy, Fendrich, and Proctor, 1990;Rabbitt et al, 1979;Shiffrin and Dumais, 1981) concerning retention. Shiffrin and Dumais (1981), for instance, discuss the results of an unpublished study by Dumais, Foyle, and Shiffrin in which automatic processing retention in visual search tasks was investigated.…”

Section: Retention Of Automatic Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Rabbitt et al (1979) experiment examined performance in a CM memory/visual search task that required the detection of a memory set letter in a multielement display. Rabbitt et al reported significant performance losses over a six-week retention interval.…”

Section: Retention Of Automatic Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automatic Information Processing and High Performance Skills

Eggemeier¹,

Fisk²

1992

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Section: Summary and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Retention Of Automatic Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Automatic Information Processing and High Performance Skills

Eggemeier¹,

Fisk²

1992

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…This was to be expected, as it is well known that practice increases speed in perceptual classification tasks, and it is probable that skilled players have had more practice than less skilled ones. Analogous findings have been presented in many perceptual classification tasks (Neisser, 1963;Neisser, Novik, & Lazar, 1963;Rabbitt, 1978;Rabbitt, Cummings, & Vyas, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Chess players' intake of task-relevant cues

Saariluoma

1985

Memory & Cognition

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Patterns of chess pieces are important for chess players in storing information in memory-recall tasks. It also may be assumed that these patterns playa central role in the perceptual coding of task-relevant cues. Two perceptual classification experiments were done to test this assumption. Chess-players' intake of task-relevant cues was studied by measuring the reaction times of subjects in counting the minor pieces on the chessboard or searching for checks in the game and in random positions. Surprisingly, there was no interaction between the level of skill and the type of position. In Experiment 3, both a perceptual classification task and a memory-recall task using the same positions were presented to a group of chess players at the same session. In the perceptual classification task, there was no interaction between the level of skill and the type of position, but in the recall task there was strong interaction. The result suggests that the information intake of chess players, in its lowest levels, is not dependent on the learned patterns. The role of the patterns becomes important in defining the information to be looked for, but the patterns are not important in the early-stage perceptual structuring of a position.

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“…Many studies have shown that search performance improves with practice, eventually reaching the point where the task becomes automatized (Czerwinski et aI., 1992;Healy, Fendrich, & Proctor, 1990;Lajoy & Seethoff, 1974;Neisser, 1963;Rabbitt, Cumming, & Vyas, 1979;Schneider & Fisk 1982a, 1982bA. Treisman, Vieira, & Hayes, 1992).…”

Section: Visual Search and Resource Demandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional resources in timing: Interference effects in concurrent temporal and nontemporal working memory tasks

Brown

1997

Perception & Psychophysics

525

504

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Three experiments examined interference effects in concurrent temporal and nontemporal tasks. The timing task in each experiment required subjects to generate a series of 2-or 5-sec temporal productions. The nontemporal tasks were pursuit rotor tracking (Experiment 1), visual search (Experiment 2), and mental arithmetic (Experiment 3). Each nontemporal task had two levels of difficulty. All tasks were performed under both single-and dual-task conditions. A simple attentional allocation model predicts bidirectional interference between concurrent tasks. The main results showed the classic interference effect in timing. That is, the concurrent nontemporal tasks caused temporal productions to become longer (longer productions represent a shortening of perceived time) and/or more variable than did timing-onlyconditions. In general, the difficult version of each nontemporal task disrupted timing more than the easier version. The timing data also exhibited a serial lengthening effect, in which temporal productions became longer across trials. Nontemporal task performance showed a mixed pattern. Tracking and visual search were essentially unaffected by the addition of a timing task, whereas mental arithmetic was disrupted by concurrent timing. These results call for a modification of the attentional allocation model to incorporate the idea of specialized processing resources. Two major theoretical frameworks-multiple resource theory and the working memory model-are critically evaluated with respect to the resource demands of timing and temporal/nontemporal dual-task performance.The interference effect is one of the most consistent findings in the time perception literature. The effect refers to a disruption in timing that occurs when subjects are required to perform some demanding nontemporal task during the interval. The usual result is that perceived time becomes shortened. Because of differences between time judgment methods (see below), this effect is manifested as either shorter verbal estimations and reproductions or longer temporal productions. Time judgments also may display more error and variability under nontemporal task conditions than under control (no-task) conditions. This paper explores the nature of this effect, with special reference to the role ofattentional processes in timing. First, a review of the empirical and theoretical work in the area is presented, and issues involving mutual interference between temporal and nontemporal processing are raised. Three experiments designed to address these issues are reported. The paper concludes with a discussion centering on the relationship between timing and current models of attentional resources.

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Improvement, Learning and Retention of Skill at Visual Search

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Automatic Information Processing and High Performance Skills

Automatic Information Processing and High Performance Skills

Chess players' intake of task-relevant cues

Attentional resources in timing: Interference effects in concurrent temporal and nontemporal working memory tasks

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