Improvement of a Specific Culture Medium Based on Industrial Glucose for Carotenoid Production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

Abstract

In this study, a low-cost chemically defined (CD) culture medium was proposed and evaluated with the aim of replacing culture media such as yeast mold (YM) and yeast peptone dextrose (YPD), commonly used for growth and carotenoid production by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. Initially, the CD culture medium was compared to the YM and YPD. The growth in optical density (OD) and carotenoid production (mg/L) of the cultures reached 4.88, 6.76, 5.79, and 0.67, 0.92, and 0.69, respectively. The CD culture served as the basis of an improved specific culture medium containing industrial glucose. Additionally, in this new formulation, vitamins, glutamate, and other compounds were evaluated. Industrial glucose more than doubled carotenoid production; however, the addition of vitamins was not essential for X. dendrorhous cultivation. Moreover, glutamate and Na2HPO4 proved to be highly significant factors (p-value < 0.05), increasing carotenoid biosynthesis from 0.67 to 1.33 mg/L. The specific culture was successfully used in a bioreactor at 2 L and 110 L pilot-scale levels, increasing carotenoid production up to 2 mg/L. It was demonstrated that the CD-specific culture medium is an efficient alternative to conventional culture media to carry out carotenoid production at the laboratory and pilot levels, with promising potential for industrial scaling.

Non‐conventional high‐pressure extraction process: A comparative study for astaxanthin recovery from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous

“…For this study, X. dendrorhous 25‐2 strain was used, which was obtained by mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine of a wild‐type strain ATCC 24202 (Farías et al ., 2018; Torres‐Haro et al ., 2021). Strain 25‐2 belongs to microorganisms collection in Industrial Biotechnology Department of the Centre for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of Jalisco State, A.C. (CIATEJ, AC).…”

“…Flask level cultures were incubated in a New Brunswick® Innova 44 rotary orbital (Hamburg, Germany) at pH 6.0, 20 °C and 250 rpm. (Farías et al ., 2018; Tibayrenc et al ., 2010; Torres‐Haro et al ., 2021).…”

“…Activated yeast, was cultivated in a 110 L pilot level Applikon® bioreactor (Applikon Biotechnology, B.V., Delft, The Netherlands) with a feed‐batch system, and it was inoculated with 10% volume of a previously activated strain obtained in a 15 L New Brunswick® bioreactor (Hamburg, Germany) at pH 6.0, 20 °C (293 °K) and mixing speed of 600 rpm during 72 h (Torres‐Haro et al ., 2021). The final product were 4.2 kg of dry biomass with an astaxanthin content of 270 µg g⁻ 1 biomass, quantified by solvent extraction as Sedmak et al ., 1990.…”

“…The difference between initial and final carotenoids content was evaluated in an X‐Mark® spectrophotometer (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Inc., Irvine, California, USA), and corroborated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), focus only in astaxanthin due to astaxanthin is the main carotenoid produced by the X . dendrorhous 25‐2 strain used in this study (Torres‐Haro et al ., 2021). For HPLC determination, a VARIAN® ProStar 220 HPLC and a VARIAN® ProStar 325 Ultraviolet‐Visible detector were used.…”

Astaxanthin production in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous grown in medium containing watery extracts from vegetable residue streams

“…Currently, in the industry astaxanthin is isolated from the algae Haematococcus pluvialis. Recent studies have shown that the yield of astaxanthin in X. dendrorhous can be increased by optimizations in the medium composition [8][9][10]. In the BIVAC project, several vegetable residue streams were analysed for their composition.…”