Improvement of alum and PACl coagulation by polyacrylamides (PAMs) for the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater

Ahmad, A.L.; Wong, S.S.; Teng, Tjoon Tow; Zuhairi, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.088

Cited by 145 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The use of alum for coagulation and settling of suspended solids in the wastewater from P&P facilities has been frequently reported (Rudolfs and Amberg 1953;Carter and Sigler 1981;Stephenson and Duff 1996;Ganjidoust et al 1997;Chen and Horan 1998;Rohella et al 2001;Mahesh et al 2006;Agridiotis et al 2007;Ahmad et al 2007Ahmad et al , 2008Žarković et al 2011;Simonič and Vnučec 2012;Nawaz et al 2014).…”

Section: Aluminum Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With their very long chains, flocculants are able to overcome such barriers by adsorbing on two particles simultaneously. Such polyelectrolytes have become widely used in clarification of wastewater from P&P mills (Wang and Pan 1999;Wong et al 2006;Ahmad et al 2007Ahmad et al , 2008Žarković et al 2011;Ariffin et al 2012;Simonič and Vnučec 2012).Wastewater treatment operations commonly use sequential combinations of treatment with a coagulant, then with a cationic flocculant of very high mass but low charge density (Ghosh et al 1985;Ahmad et al 2007Ahmad et al , 2008Wang et al 2011;Žarković et al 2011;Ariffin et al 2012;Simonič and Vnučec 2012). The idea is to employ a suitable amount of a relatively inexpensive coagulant to reduce the surface charge of the suspended matter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Hubbe

Metts

Hermosilla

et al. 2016

BioRes

194

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The pulp and paper (P&P) industry worldwide has achieved substantial progress in treating both process water and wastewater, thus limiting the discharge of pollutants to receiving waters. This review covers a variety of wastewater treatment methods, which provide P&P companies with costeffective ways to limit the release of biological or chemical oxygen demand, toxicity, solids, color, and other indicators of pollutant load. Conventional wastewater treatment systems, often comprising primary clarification followed by activated sludge processes, have been widely implemented in the P&P industry. Higher levels of pollutant removal can be achieved by supplementary treatments, which can include anaerobic biological stages, advanced oxidation processes, bioreactors, and membrane filtration technologies. Improvements in the performance of wastewater treatment operations often can be achieved by effective measurement technologies and by strategic addition of agents including coagulants, flocculants, filter aids, and optimized fungal or bacterial cultures. In addition, P&P mills can implement upstream process changes, including dissolved-air-flotation (DAF) systems, filtration save-alls, and kidney-like operations to purify process waters, thus reducing the load of pollutants and the volume of effluent being discharged to end-of-pipe wastewater treatment plants. Keywords: Wastewater treatment; Pulp and paper manufacturing; Advanced oxidation; Membrane technologies; Clarification; Activated sludgeContact information: a: North Carolina State University, Dept. of Forest Biomaterials, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 29695-8005; b: WestRock Company, Water and Waste Treatment, 600 S 8th St, Fernandina Beach, FL 32034; c: Department of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, E-42004 Soria, Spain; d: Complutense University of Madrid, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ingn. Quim, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n,S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; e: Concordia University, Dept. Bldg. Civil & Environm. Engn., 1455 Maisonneuve Blvd, West Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada; f: University of Jyväskylä, Dept. Chem., Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; g: Department of Biology, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; h: Department of Environment and Planning, Center for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Aveiro & Department of Materials and Ceramics, Institute of Materials, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; i: FPInnovations, 570 St. Jean Blvd., Pointe Claire, PQ H9R 3J9, Canada; * Corresponding author: hubbe@ncsu.edu Contents of the Article INTRODUCTIONThe pulp and paper (P&P) industry occupies a challenging position with respect to the natural environment. On the positive side, the industry is based on the usage of renewable, photosynthetic resources. On the other hand, the industry discharges huge quantities of aqueous effluents. Large volumes (up to 70 m 3 ) of wastewater ...

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Section: Aluminum Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Hubbe

Metts

Hermosilla

et al. 2016

BioRes

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main differences between these products are their basicity, strength and the content of other species such as silica, calcium or even organic compounds [18][19][20]. Although the silica removal mechanism of polyaluminum coagulants is not well understood [17,21], there is a consensus in that they act by two primary coagulation mechanisms [18,22]: (1) charge neutralization of the negative particles by adsorption of positively charged dissolved aluminum species, and (2) enmeshment of particles in precipitated Al(OH) 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica removal from newsprint mill effluents with aluminum salts

Latour

Miranda

Blanco

2013

Chemical Engineering Journal

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The main obstacle for the implementation of reverse osmosis (RO) in a treatment chain to reuse the effluent of a newsprint mill as fresh water is the high silica content of the water, which produces severe scaling on the membrane, thus, limiting its recovery. Coagulation is one of the preferred methods to reduce silica concentration. Five aluminum based coagulants have been tested at five dosages (500-2500 ppm) and three pHs (8.3, 9.5 and 10.5). All products showed their best efficiency at the highest dosage and pH, with the exception of alum, that was more efficient at intermediate dosages. A combination of a polyaluminum nitrate sulphate with a cationic quaternary polyamine (PANS-PA2), was the most efficient and versatile coagulant. It removed 97% of silica (5 ppm residual silica) at the optimal conditions (pH 10.5, 2500 ppm) and it was very efficient (76% silica removal) at pH 8.3, avoiding the need of any pH adjustment, and minimizing the conductivity and pH increase of the treated waters as well as obtaining some removal of the organic colloidal matter (≈25%).

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“…Therefore, it is appropriate to consider tackling the problem according to the principle of coagulation/flocculation. Most researches on coagulation refer to the effect of pH on pollutant removal and sludge characteristics [14][15][16][17], and so in this context oily sludge can be considered quite similar as it too is affected by pH adjustment. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of acidification on dewaterability of oily sludge from flotation

Guo

et al. 2011

Chemical Engineering Journal

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a b s t r a c tThis paper presents the improvement of acidification on the dewaterability of oily sludge from a flotation process. Various parameters, including the volume of supernatant water, capillary suction time (CST), and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were used to evaluate the dewaterability of oily sludge. In addition, floc size distribution and release rates of Al(III) were used to explain skeleton breakage as a result of the acidification treatment. Results show that dewaterability increased obviously as the sludge pH decreased. After 120 min of settling, the volume of supernatant water reached 77% at pH 4.0. Maximum reductions in CST and SRF were 93.1% and 89.2%, respectively. Following acidification, the flocs in the oily sludge achieved a broader particle size distribution and a smaller median diameter [d (0.5)] of 36.0 m (cf. 74.4 m for the raw sample). In addition, lower pH led to a greater rate of release of Al(III). This study verifies that the floc skeleton of oily sludge can be broken through the dissolution of aluminum hydroxide; i.e., acidification enhances the dewaterability of oily sludge by changing the floc structure. All results indicate that acidification is advisable as a pretreatment of oily sludge.

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Improvement of alum and PACl coagulation by polyacrylamides (PAMs) for the treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater

Cited by 145 publications

References 19 publications

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

Silica removal from newsprint mill effluents with aluminum salts

Improvement of acidification on dewaterability of oily sludge from flotation

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