Improvement of apraxia of eyelid opening by wearing goggles

Hirayama, Masaaki; Kumano, Takanori; Aita, Takashi; Nakagawa, Hiroto; Kuriyama, Masaru

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02851-8

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similarly, the two small phase 2 studies with mitomycin C plus continuous infusion 5FU and folinic acid as salvage treatment caused only moderate toxicity: 16.6% gastrointestinal side effects [25], 18% grade 3 mucositis and 7% grade 4 diarrhoea [24]. In contrast, about 70% of patients treated with irinotecan experienced at least one grade 3–4 adverse event (mostly leukopenia, vomiting and diarrhoea), as reported in the two randomized studies testing irinotecan as second-line therapy [9, 10]. The toxicity of schemes containing oxaliplatin when used as second-line treatment was: 5–18% grade 3–4 peripheral neurotoxicity and 4–17% gastrointestinal side effects [22, 23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pooled analysis of phase II trials using 5FU continuous infusion as second-line chemotherapy revealed a 11% response rate [26]. Also such new molecules as irinotecan and oxaliplatin used in monotherapy can produce a 10–15% response rate [9, 10, 27]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent studies have demonstrated the advantages of second-line chemotherapy over supportive care alone [9, 10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second-Line Chemotherapy with a Hybrid-Alternating Regimen of Bolus 5FU Modulated by Methotrexate and Infusional 5FU Modulated by Folinic Acid in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Pretreated with 5FU

et al. 2002

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Background and Aim: In vitro, methotrexate (MTX) is the best modulator for bolus 5-fluorouracil (5FU), whereas folinic acid (FA) is the best for continuous infusion. We evaluated the effect of 5FU modulated by both MTX (bolus administration) and FA (continuous infusion) as second-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods: Entry criteria were: at least one 5FU-based chemotherapy regimen as first-line treatment for metastatic disease, or progression within twelve months after 5FU-containing adjuvant therapy. Treatment schedule: MTX 200 mg/m² i.v. days 1 and 15; 5FU 600 mg/m² i.v. bolus, days 2 and 16; 5FU 200 mg/m² i.v. continuous infusion for 21 days, starting on day 29; FA 20 mg/m² i.v. bolus weekly during the three weeks of 5FU infusion. Cycles were repeated every 56 days. The primary end-point was tumour control rate, including partial responses and stabilizations. Results: 34/35 patients enrolled were evaluable for response. Five (14.7%) had a partial response, 13 (38.2%) disease stabilization, and 16 (47.1%) progressed; tumour control rate was 52.9%. Median TTP was 5.8 months (95% CI 4.03–7.83); 29 patients had died. Median OAS was 15.9 months (95% CI 8.8–21.9). Toxicity was mild. Conclusions: The regimen constituted by 5FU modulated by MTX (bolus administration) and FA (continuous infusion) is active as second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second-Line Chemotherapy with a Hybrid-Alternating Regimen of Bolus 5FU Modulated by Methotrexate and Infusional 5FU Modulated by Folinic Acid in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Pretreated with 5FU

et al. 2002

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“…Hirayama et al 7 have reported the beneficial effects of goggles in patients with apraxia of the lids. Eyelid opening was improved in two patients with apraxia from Parkinson's disease.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute angle-closure glaucoma and pupil-involving complete third nerve palsy as presenting signs of thrombosed cavernous sinus aneurysm

Levy

Marcus

Shelef

et al. 2004

Eye

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“…In addition, Hirayama et al [6] reported that wearing tight goggles provides relief from BS via a mechanism akin to a sensory trick. We propose that ELA, as a form of dystonia, is sensitive to the modulation of sensory input from the muscle spindle by injecting BTX-A into Riolan’s muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Toxin Injection into Riolan’s Muscle: Somatosensory ‘Trick’

Inoue

2007

Eur Neurol

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We studied the effect of injecting botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) into the pars ciliaris – also known as Riolan’s muscle – of patients with eyelid apraxia (ELA). Six patients with ELA were treated with injections of BTX-A into the region of Riolan’s muscle at the medial and lateral portions of the upper and lower pretarsal orbicularis oculi. Clinical benefit was seen in all 6 patients, 2 of whom had previously been treated with conventional pretarsal injections of BTX-A and had not improved. BTX-A injections into Riolan’s muscle are effective as treatment for ELA. The proposed mechanism is not that of muscle relaxation but rather modulation of the somatosensory cortex, similar to that of a ‘sensory trick’ in patients with dystonia.

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Improvement of apraxia of eyelid opening by wearing goggles

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Second-Line Chemotherapy with a Hybrid-Alternating Regimen of Bolus 5FU Modulated by Methotrexate and Infusional 5FU Modulated by Folinic Acid in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Pretreated with 5FU

Second-Line Chemotherapy with a Hybrid-Alternating Regimen of Bolus 5FU Modulated by Methotrexate and Infusional 5FU Modulated by Folinic Acid in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Pretreated with 5FU

Acute angle-closure glaucoma and pupil-involving complete third nerve palsy as presenting signs of thrombosed cavernous sinus aneurysm

Botulinum Toxin Injection into Riolan’s Muscle: Somatosensory ‘Trick’

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