Improvement of bio-based polyurethane and its optimal application in controlled release fertilizer

Lu, Hao; Dun, Canping; Jariwala, Hiral; Wang, Rui; Cui, Peiyuan; Zhang, Haipeng; Dai, Qigen; Yang, Shuo; Zhang, Hongcheng

doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.039

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…Substituting the conventional polyurethane binder, employed in the following study, with a biological alternative containing, e.g., lignin could provide added ecological advantages for the company and improve the production process behind the mats. Based on recent research, lignin-based polyurethane is a promising alternative which preserves equal chemical and mechanical performance when compared to non-biological adhesives [89,90].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mats Made from Recycled Tyre Rubber and Polyurethane for Improving Growth Performance in Buffalo Farms

Masiello,

di Cicco,

Spagnuolo

et al. 2024

AgriEngineering

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This study focuses on anti-trauma mats designed for buffaloes’ comfort, using as raw materials rubber powder from end-of-life tyres (ELTs) and an isocyanate-based polyurethane resin binder. The first part of the study focused on mat formulation. Whilst it was possible to select a unique combination of raw materials and design features, it was necessary to investigate the relationship between three critical parameters affecting mat consistency and therefore buffalo comfort: binder quantity, mat thickness, and desired final mat density (bulk). In order to quantitatively assess the variation in hardness, various combinations were investigated within well-defined ranges based on the relevant literature. The results obtained from nine selected combinations indicate that increases in the three critical parameters do not induce a real phase transition in the final product consistency, although the hardness suggests an increasing trend. The mats consistently exhibited a moderately soft/hard consistency, offering environmental benefits in terms of increased rubber usage and potentially reduced chemical binder, depending on the desired thickness. The selected mixture showed excellent resistance to heavy chemical loads, suggesting reliability for frequent cleaning operations. The second part of the study involved field trials of the mats with calves. This involved monitoring their weight gain and appetite levels over a 90-day period. The results showed excellent growth performance compared to uncoated grids (i.e., weight gain was approximately 20% higher at the end of the observation period); this was similar to that achieved with the use of straw bedding. However, compared to straw bedding, the mats (i) exhibit long-term durability, with no signs of wear from washing or trampling over the months of the trial, (ii) allow for quick and efficient cleaning, and (iii) enable companies to save on labour, material (straw), and waste disposal costs, while maintaining (or even improving) the same welfare levels associated with the use of straw.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mats Made from Recycled Tyre Rubber and Polyurethane for Improving Growth Performance in Buffalo Farms

Masiello,

di Cicco,

Spagnuolo

et al. 2024

AgriEngineering

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“…The η 1 value of the SCF was determined to be 17.7%, followed by a significantly slower release rate thereafter. Two distinct leaching mechanisms were observed for the SCF in water, characterized by “all or nothing” performances [ 46 ]. Firstly, certain portions of the SCF surface easily crumbled and formed large pores, facilitating the quick dissolution of the fertilizer core and transforming the SCF into an empty shell; this phenomenon accounted for the initially high N release rate observed for the SCF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommended Values for the Hydrophobicity and Mechanical Properties of Coating Materials Usable for Preparing Controlled-Release Fertilizers

Wang,

Li,

Lin

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of coating materials and the nitrogen (N) release rates of 11 kinds of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) were determined in this study. The results show that the N release periods of the CRFs had negative correlations with the water absorption (WA) of the coating materials (y = 166.06x−1.24, r = 0.986), while they were positively correlated with the water contact angle (WCA) and elongation at break (EB) (y = 37.28x0.18, r = 0.701; y = −19.42 + 2.57x, r = 0.737). According to the fitted functional equation, CRFs that could fulfil the N release period of 30 days had a coating material WA < 2.4%, WCA > 68.8°, and EB > 57.7%. The recommended values for a CRF that can fulfil the N release period of 30 days are WA < 3.0%, WCA > 60.0°, and EB > 30.0% in the coating materials. CRFs with different nutrient release periods can be designed according to the recommended values to meet the needs of different crops. Furthermore, our experiments have illustrated that the N release period target of 30 days can be reached for modified sulfur-coated fertilizers (MSCFs) by improving their mechanical properties.

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“…Therefore, they improve nutrient use efficiency and yield without causing nutrient loss [16]. In recent years, CRFs have been widely used in crop production as a new type of fertilizer that effectively improve the fertilizer utilization rate [17]. Studies have shown that CRFs can improve nutrient use efficiency and reduce environmental hazards without generally affecting production [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Leaching of Open-Field Tomato in Response to Different Nitrogen Application Measures in Northwestern China

Mao,

Gu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Plants

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The overuse of fertilizers in open-field tomato leads to soil deterioration through nutrient leaching and increases the risk of agricultural non-point source contamination. Currently, the combined effects of different fertilization methods on soil nitrogen leaching and tomato production are still unclear. Therefore, the most effective fertilization method for open-field tomato should be discovered by examining how different fertilization methods affected tomato yield and quality, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and soil nitrogen leaching. Compared with CK (no fertilization), fertilization significantly increased the yield, total sugar (TS), total soluble solids (TSS), and vitamin C (vC) contents of fruits (p < 0.05), and OPT (optimal fertilization, controlled release nitrogen application, 240 kg ha−1) had the largest effect on increasing yield, quality, and net profit. However, when the fertilizer application rate reached 375 kg ha−1, these indices decreased. Nitrogen leaching concentrations, leaching amount, and titratable acids (TAs) increased with increased nitrogen application rates. Compared with other treatments, OPT reduced the total leaching amounts of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) by 30.09–51.79%, 24.89–50.03%, and 30–65%, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that OPT achieved the highest overall score in terms of yield, quality, and nitrogen leaching conditions. The partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) further reveals that applications of high amounts of nitorigen have a positive effect on soil nitrogen leaching. The amount of nitrogen leaching vegetatively affects tomato yield and quality, while plant uptake of nitrogen positively affects tomato production. These findings confirm the importance of using controlled-release fertilizers and reducing nitrogen inputs to control nitrogen leaching and enhance open-field tomato yields.

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Improvement of bio-based polyurethane and its optimal application in controlled release fertilizer

Cited by 40 publications

References 120 publications

Mats Made from Recycled Tyre Rubber and Polyurethane for Improving Growth Performance in Buffalo Farms

Mats Made from Recycled Tyre Rubber and Polyurethane for Improving Growth Performance in Buffalo Farms

Recommended Values for the Hydrophobicity and Mechanical Properties of Coating Materials Usable for Preparing Controlled-Release Fertilizers

Yield, Quality, and Nitrogen Leaching of Open-Field Tomato in Response to Different Nitrogen Application Measures in Northwestern China

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