Improvement of Blood Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity During a Long-Term (60 Weeks) Randomized Study with Amino Acid Dietary Supplements in Elderly Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Solerte, Sebastiano Bruno; Fioravanti, Marisa; Locatelli, Eleonora; R, Bonacasa; Zamboni, Mauro; Basso, Cristina; Mazzoleni, Anna Paola; Mansi, Valeria; Geroutis, Nikolas; Gazzaruso, Carmine

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.03.006

Cited by 77 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Legumes and vegetal oils could improve insulin sensitivity [40], which could, in turn, influence cognitive function. It has been demonstrated that an oral aminoacids mixture significantly improves insulin sensitivity in elderly subjects with sarcopenia or type 2 diabetes, probably by an up-regulation of the insulin-receptor synthesis and its autophosphorylation [41, 42]. Insulin activity could, therefore, be enhanced by legumes and vegetal oils consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of legumes and plant proteins consumption on cognitive performances in the elderly

et al. 2017

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BackgroundNumerous studies have investigated the role of the dietary factors in the prevention of cognitive decline but the short-term effects of foods choice on cognitive performances in the elderly are poorly explored. Our aim was to investigate the choice of foods among elderly Italian individuals and the association with cognitive function.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, the participants were 214 individuals aged ≥65 years with a score >20 at the Mini Mental State Examination. The cognitive sub-test of ADAScale was used to detect cognitive decline progression over 12 months. Food choices was measured by a combination of a 24-h recall and a seven-day diet record and Principal Components Analysis.ResultsThe Principal Components Analysis identified four food and four nutrient patterns. MMSE and ADAS-cog score after 1 year were found to be associated with legumes pattern (B = 0.25, p = 0.007; 95% CI 0.07/0.44; and B = −0.10, p = 0.006; CI −0.79/−0.30, respectively). A dietary pattern including plant proteins was independently associated with an improved ADAS-cog after 1 year (B = 0.584, p = 0.04; OR 1.79, CI 0.04–0.42).ConclusionsThe Principal Components Analysis is useful to investigate the choice of foods and nutrients in the elderly. We demonstrated an association between legumes pattern with cognitive performances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of legumes and plant proteins consumption on cognitive performances in the elderly

et al. 2017

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“…The CATHON formulation does not contain arginine and yet proved to be extremely efficient in promoting improved physical activity both in diabetic patients with chronic heart failure [41] and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, where an impressive improvement in blood PO 2 was documented [42]. Interestingly, a ‘side effect’ of CATHON administration is improved insulin sensitivity, as shown by long-term supplementation studies in the elderly [43] and, more recently, in extremely severe intensive care unit patients [44]. CATHON enhances insulin action thanks to enhanced mTOR activity [45], with important clinical implications [22].…”

Section: Interactions Between Inos and Enos And Control Of Enos Exprementioning

confidence: 99%

To Give or Not to Give? Lessons from the Arginine Paradox

Dioguardi¹

2011

Lifestyle Genomics

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Arginine is one of the 20 amino acids (AA) found in proteins and synthesized by human cells. However, arginine is also the substrate for a series of reactions leading to the synthesis of other AA and is an obligatory substrate for two enzymes with diverging actions, arginases and nitric oxide synthases (NOS), giving origin to urea and NO, respectively. NO is a very potent vasodilator when produced by endothelial NOS (eNOS). The ‘arginine paradox’ is the fact that, despite intracellular physiological concentration of arginine being several hundred micromoles per liter, far exceeding the ∼5 µM K_M of eNOS, the acute provision of exogenous arginine still increases NO production. Clinically, an additional paradox is that the largest controlled study on chronic oral arginine supplementation in patients after myocardial infarction had to be interrupted for excess mortality in treated patients. Expression and activity of arginases, which produce urea and divert arginine from NOS, are positively related to exogenous arginine supplementation. Therefore, the more arginine is introduced, the more it is destroyed, eventually leading to impaired NO production. In this review, conditions influencing the low arginine concentrations found in plasma will be reviewed, revising the paradigm that simple replenishment of what is lacking will always produce beneficial consequences.

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“…In contrast, leucine deprivation was observed to increase whole-body insulin sensitivity by decreasing mTOR/S6K1 signaling and activating AMPK signaling in the liver [145]. In humans, prolonged administration of a BCAA-enriched mixture resulted in increased insulin sensitivity, even in presence of NIDDM [146,147]. In this randomized trial involving 41 subjects with sarcopenia of aging, intake of the BCAA-enriched mixture increased muscle mass, reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and improved insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Amino Acids and The Preservation Or Augmentation Of Lean Bodmentioning

confidence: 74%

Essential Amino Acid Supplementation for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity

D’Antona

2014

Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity

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Improvement of Blood Glucose Control and Insulin Sensitivity During a Long-Term (60 Weeks) Randomized Study with Amino Acid Dietary Supplements in Elderly Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 77 publications

References 23 publications

Impact of legumes and plant proteins consumption on cognitive performances in the elderly

Impact of legumes and plant proteins consumption on cognitive performances in the elderly

To Give or Not to Give? Lessons from the Arginine Paradox

Essential Amino Acid Supplementation for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity

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