Improvement of caffeic acid biotransformation into para‐hydroxybenzoic acid by Candida albicans CI‐24 via gamma irradiation and model‐based optimization

Abstract

Para‐hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) has great potential in biological applications due to its putative antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 and its antimicrobial activity in the face of the radically increasing number of multidrug‐resistant pathogens. This is in addition to its antimutagenic, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antiestrogenic, and antiplatelet aggregating activities. In this study, an approximate sixfold increase in the production of PHBA was achieved via biotransformation of caffeic acid by Candida albicans. The improvement was performed in two steps: first, through mutation by gamma irradiation (5 KGy dose), resulting in the recovery of a mutant (CI‐24), which produced approximately triple the amount of PHBA produced by the wild‐type isolate. Then, biotransformation by this mutant was further optimized via response surface methodology model‐based optimization. The maximum PHBA production (7.47 mg/mL) was obtained in a fermentation medium composed of 1% w/v yeast extract as a nitrogen source, with an initial pH of 6.6, incubated at 28 °C at an agitation rate of 250 rpm. To further enhance the performance and economics of the process, cells of the CI‐24 mutant were immobilized in calcium alginate beads and could retain an equivalent biotransformation capacity after three successive biotransformation cycles.

Optimization of feather degradation by a Bacillus thuringiensis isolate using response surface methodology and investigation of the feather protein hydrolysate structure

“…19 Response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the most prominent chemometric tools. 20 Employing RSM tools offers multiple merits, encompassing less performed experiments, less consumed chemicals, and less time and effort. This is in addition to generating mathematical models indicating the independent as well as interactive significance of the different variables.…”

“…Currently, chemometric tools have been preferably employed in optimization studies 19 . Response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the most prominent chemometric tools 20 . Employing RSM tools offers multiple merits, encompassing less performed experiments, less consumed chemicals, and less time and effort.…”

The Parasitic Plant Cistanche violacea (Desf.) Beck from Ghardaïa (Algeria): A Source of Biologically Active Compounds

“…Rutin and gallic acid were also reported in the study of Alia et al (11) on the crude extract of C. violaceae, whereas they also reported the presence of chlorogenic acid and naringin. On the other hand, Piwowarczyk et al Several studies have indicated that many of the identified compounds in our extracts have been isolated from various plants and have a wide range of biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and others (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”

“…Gallic acid is a low molecular weight tri-phenolic molecule that has outstanding anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetes, antiobesity, antimicrobial, and anti-myocardial ischemia properties (31). p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives have been reported by Singab et al (33) to have potential antimicrobial, antiviral action against SARS-CoV-2, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antiestrogenic, and antiplatelet aggregating activities. This compound can be chemically synthesized or recovered from various plants (33).…”

“…p-hydroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives have been reported by Singab et al (33) to have potential antimicrobial, antiviral action against SARS-CoV-2, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antiestrogenic, and antiplatelet aggregating activities. This compound can be chemically synthesized or recovered from various plants (33). Sinapic acid is a prevalent component of the human diet since it is found in a wide variety of dietary and medicinal plants.…”