“…With today’s best commercial thermoelectric modules (Bi 2 Te 3 -based material with around 1 at 300 K), the peak COP of a thermoelectric module can reach as high as 8 under a temperature gradient of 5 K ( Rowe, 1995 ). For this purpose, various heat exchanging schemes, including water-cooling systems ( Cheng et al., 2011 ; Lim and Jeong, 2018 ), phase change material systems ( Zhao and Tan, 2014 ), and evaporative cooling systems ( Tipsaenporm et al., 2012 ) have been proposed for TEACs, and their COPs indeed improved by 20% to 40%, despite being still lower in the range of 0.34 to 2.59 ( Baheta et al., 2019 ). Together with these advanced heat-exchanging systems, thermoelectric air conditioning systems have been leveled up to building applications, with several styles like thermoelectric radiant panel ceiling ( Shen et al., 2013 ), air ducts ( Irshad et al., 2017 ), cooling facades ( Prieto et al., 2017 ), etc.…”