2021
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-021-10848-6
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Improvement of cooling performance of hybrid nanofluids in a heated pipe applying annular magnets

Abstract: In this paper, convective heat transfer of Fe3O4–carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrid nanofluid was studied in a horizontal small circular tube under influence of annular magnets. The pipe has an inner diameter of 3 mm and a length of 1.2 m. Heat transfer characteristics of the Fe3O4–water nanofluid were examined for many parameters, such as nanoparticle volume fraction in the range of 0.4–1.2% and Reynolds number in the range of 476–996. In order to increase the thermal conductivity of the Fe3O4–water nanofluid, ca… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…Challenges such as cost-effectiveness, long-term stability, and scalability need to be addressed before widespread adoption in industrial cooling systems particularly electric vehicles applications [14]. Nevertheless, hybrid nanofluids show great potential in improving cooling performance and energy efficiency in various applications [15].…”
Section: Cooling System Using Hybrid Nanofluids 21 Hybrid Nanofluidsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Challenges such as cost-effectiveness, long-term stability, and scalability need to be addressed before widespread adoption in industrial cooling systems particularly electric vehicles applications [14]. Nevertheless, hybrid nanofluids show great potential in improving cooling performance and energy efficiency in various applications [15].…”
Section: Cooling System Using Hybrid Nanofluids 21 Hybrid Nanofluidsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It was noted that with an increase in nanofluid temperature, the stability of the nanofluids decreased, leading to agglomeration of the particles and consequent reduction in thermal efficiency. Li et al (2021) used the direct current of 0–150 W to achieve the heat flux used to heat the straight tube used in the experiment. Zheng et al (2020c) investigated the effect of inlet temperature on the thermal performance of the Al 2 O 3 –water nanofluid and noted that the nanofluid volume concentration has a considerable effect on the performance depending on the inlet temperature.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%