Improvement of effectiveness of existing Casuarina equisetifolia forests in mitigating tsunami damage

Samarakoon, MB; Tanaka, Norio; Iimura, Kosuke

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.10.050

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The ability of C dÀall to reduce the height of a tsunami has been assessed via several numerical modeling studies (Tanaka et al 2007;Yanagisawa et al 2009;Samarakoon et al 2013;Strusinska-Correia et al 2013). In this field study, the beaches in forested and unforested areas had similar topographies (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it has been found that tsunami energy can be dissipated by obstacles in the path of the tsunami. This means that establishing barriers such as walls, jetties, concrete blocks, or breakwater structures can help to mitigate its adverse effects (Samarakoon et al 2013). Coastal vegetation can significantly aid in reducing the severity of tsunami waves, diminishing the amount of energy generated by the tsunami (Tanaka et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field study on planted forest structures and their role in protecting communities against tsunamis: experiences along the coast of the Biobío Region, Chile

et al. 2015

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A field study using satellite images was carried out to analyze the effect of coastal vegetation in mitigating the impact of a catastrophic tsunami on coastal villages in the Biobío Region, Chile, in February 2010. Two types of stand, Pinus radiata D. Don forests and Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. shelterbelts, appear to have protected coastal areas behind them from the direct impact of the tsunami. The impacts of the horizontal and vertical structures of these coastal forests on the drag forces were analyzed by observing the characteristics of Pinus radiata forests and Cupressus macrocarpa shelterbelts. The stands absorbed the impact of the tsunami without incurring broken stems or uprooted trees due to their diverse horizontal structure, as they contained short trees with various diameters. However, small areas of the stands were damaged by salinity after the tsunami. For this tsunami, which was less than 3 m high, the horizontal and vertical structures of the P. radiata and C. macrocarpa stands provided effective protection for coastal villages since they reduced the velocity and height of the tsunami. A shelterbelt consisting of three rows of C. macrocarpa in front of the tsunami and a P. radiata forest with a density of 11 trees/100 m 2 and a width of[50 m immediately behind the shelterbelt are suggested as a means of protecting communities along the coastline of the Biobío Region against tsunamis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field study on planted forest structures and their role in protecting communities against tsunamis: experiences along the coast of the Biobío Region, Chile

et al. 2015

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“…Coastal forests (planted or naturally grown) protect coastlines from storms and erosion. A substantial amount of research in field survey, numerical, and experimental studies was carried out following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami to examine the effectiveness of coastal vegetation, including hybrid defenses for minimizing the impact of tsunamis to protect lives and infrastructure (Danielsen et al, 2005;Kathiresan and Rajendran, 2005;Harada and Imamura, 2005;Tanaka et al, 2006Nandasena et al, 2008;Tanaka et al, 2011;Iimura and Tanaka, 2012;Samarakoon et al, 2013;Tanaka et al, 2014;Rodríguez et al, 2016;Tanaka and Onai, 2017;Tanaka et al, 2018;Torita et al, 2022). The research informed that the protection provided by coastal forests depends on the local tsunami magnitude at the forest, the characteristics of vegetation such as the extent of the forest, the density and the vertical configuration of a tree, root-soil interaction, the distance to the shore, and the ground slope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Scale Experimental Evidence On The Use Of Date Palm Forest To Mitigate Tsunami In The Arabian Sea

NANDASENA

2024

CoastLab

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Because of the multi-scale benefits, ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) has received much attention in coastal disaster mitigation. Coastal forests are considered a sustainable and economical solution to mitigate inundations from tsunamis. Owing to the rare occurrence of tsunamis and reported local tsunami heights being small, the coastal forests are a potential solution to protect from tsunamis in the Arabian Sea. The potential of date palm trees to mitigate tsunami inundations was investigated in an experimental study. The experiments were conducted at a geometric scale of 1:100 with the Froude-Cauchy similitudes. It found that the canopy of the tree played a key role in flow energy reduction. If the tsunami height was higher than the canopy height a significant tsunami depth was reduced behind the forest compared to the case that the tsunami height was lower than the canopy height. The highest percentage reduction in the maximum flow depth behind the forest was 37% for the forest length of 180 m and tsunami height of 7 m.

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“…C. equisetifolia, C. cunninghamiana, C. glauca and C. junghuhniana. Due to their important roles in coastal protection, sand dune stabilisation and agroforestry systems, researches on genetic diversity, reproductive biology and breeding system, genetic improvement, and ecological function have been car ried out in many countries (Nagarajan et al 1998, Warren & Zou 2002, Broadhurst 2011, Samarakoon et al 2013, Zhang et al 2014, Zhang et al 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterisation of Est-SSR Markers for Genetic Analysis of Casuarina Species

Li¹,

Zhang²,

Hu³

et al. 2021

JTFS

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Simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers have greater advantages relative to other molecular markers in genetic analysis due to their Mendelian inheritance and co-dominance expression features. Numerous expressed sequence tags (EST) of genus Casuarina, now available from public databases, make it possible to develop EST-SSR markers with high efficiency at low cost. From the analysis of 12,063 EST derived from casuarinas, 367 SSR loci were identified from 352 unigenes, and the distribution frequency of SSR loci was 3.0%. The di-and trinucleotide accounted for 57.77 and 34.06% respectively. They comprised overwhelming majority in five types of repeat motifs of SSR, and AG/CT was the most predominant motif type of SSR. A total of 79 primer pairs were designed based on the non-redundant EST-SSR sequences, but only 21 were successfully amplified and generated polymorphic SSR products in four different Casuarina species and eight clones of C. equisetifolia. Eight primer pairs out of the 21 were applied for paternity analyses of open-pollinated progenies of one female individual of C. equisetifolia. At 95% confidence interval, 76 male individuals were identified as pollen parents of 262 out of 461 progenies, but at 80% confidence interval, 84 male individuals were identified as father trees of 328 out of the 461 progenies.

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Improvement of effectiveness of existing Casuarina equisetifolia forests in mitigating tsunami damage

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Field study on planted forest structures and their role in protecting communities against tsunamis: experiences along the coast of the Biobío Region, Chile

Field study on planted forest structures and their role in protecting communities against tsunamis: experiences along the coast of the Biobío Region, Chile

Small-Scale Experimental Evidence On The Use Of Date Palm Forest To Mitigate Tsunami In The Arabian Sea

Development and Characterisation of Est-SSR Markers for Genetic Analysis of Casuarina Species

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