Improvement of fuel properties of cottonseed oil methyl esters with commercial additives

Abstract

The low temperature operability and oxidative stability of cottonseed oil methyl esters (CSME) were improved with four anti-gel additives as well as one antioxidant additive, gossypol. Low temperature operability and oxidative stability of CSME was determined by cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and oxidative stability index (OSI). The most significant reductions in CP, PP, and CFPP in all cases were obtained with Technol 1 , with the average reduction in temperature found to be 3.9 8C. Gunk 1 , Heet 1 , and Howe's 1 were progressively less effective, as indicated by average reductions in temperature of 3.4, 3.0, and 2.8 8C, respectively. In all cases, the magnitude of CFPP reduction was greater than for PP and especially CP. Addition of gossypol, a polyphenolic aldehyde, resulted in linear improvement in OSI (R 2 ¼ 0.9804). The OSI of CSME increased from 5.0 to 8.3 h with gossypol at a concentration of 1000 ppm.

A review on recent advancement in catalytic materials for biodiesel production

“…The detail fatty acid composition of the edible plant oils can be seen in Table 3 [5,18,19,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and those for the non-edible plant oils are depicted in Table 4 [15,27,28,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

“…Furthermore, the long term use of plant oils as a fuel in the diesel engine could also cause severe problems, such as thickening and gelling of lubricating oil, and ring sticking; thus, resulting in incomplete combustion of fuel and increasing the exhaust smoke level [56,57]. Fatty acid composition profile of non-edible plant oils [15,27,28,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Fuel property enhancement of biodiesel fuels from common and alternative feedstocks via complementary blending

“…Biodiesel from traditional feedstocks included palm oil methyl esters (PME) and soybean oil methyl esters (SME), as these suffer from inferior cold flow and oxidative stability, respectively, relative to FAMEs prepared from canola oil [16]. Biodiesel fuels from alternative oilseed feedstocks included C. sativa seed oil methyl esters (CSME) [5], cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) oil methyl esters (CTME) [27], field pennycress seed oil methyl esters (FPME) [6], and meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seed oil methyl esters (MFME) [28].…”

Mixed Alkyl Esters from Cottonseed Oil: Improved Biodiesel Properties and Blends with Diesel Fuel

“…Already published is CSME production using microwave [16] and ultrasonic [17] assistance as well as with solid acid catalysts [18] and in situ [17,19] methods. Additionally, the optimum reaction conditions [20] for CSME preparation as well as the influence of commercial additives on fuel properties [21] have been reported. Also studied are the exhaust emissions resulting from combustion of CSME-petrodiesel blends [22,23].…”