Improvement of gain flatness of optical fluoride fiber amplifiers for multiwavelength transmission

Broadband near-infrared emission in Er3+–Tm3+ co-doped bismuthate glasses

“…Jeong et al had demonstrated an Er 3+ -Tm 3+ co-doped 20 m long silica fiber amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) with bandwidth over 90 nm (1460-1550 nm), when the fiber is pumped at 980 nm [4], however, it should be taken into account that the emission originates at the 3 H 4 level has a relatively small gap to the 3 H 5 level (∼4300 cm −1 ), and as a consequence nonradiative recombination to this level is favored in silica and most silica based glasses because of the high maximum phonon energy (MPE) (∼1100 cm −1 ) [5]. Therefore, researches have been focused on the low-phonon energy materials, such as fluoride (MPE ∼550 cm −1 ) [6], chalcogenide (MPE ∼350 cm −1 ) [7], tellurite glasses (MPE ∼750 cm −1 ) [8,9] and oxyfluoride glass ceramics [10]. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there has not been any report on the broadband emission in Er 3+ -Tm 3+ co-doped bismuthate glasses.…”

NIR luminescence from Er–Yb, Bi–Yb and Bi–Nd codoped germanate glasses for optical amplification

“…higher information transmission capacity and to improve the performance of the WDM network, a medium with a wide and flat gain at 1.5 m, which is related to the width of the 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 emission band, is required for the EDFA [19]. The some other reported values of FWHM at 1.5 m were 44 nm, 65 nm, 85 nm and 82 nm for Al/P silica [20], fluozirconate [21,22], tellurite [23], and ZBLAN [24], respectively. At present, the silica based and ZBLAN glasses are widely used as the media of the EDFA.…”

Crystallization behaviour of (1−x)TeO2–xBaO (x=0.10, 0.15 and 0.25 in molar ratio) glasses

“…[1][2][3] Thus, research efforts have been devoted to adjust and improve the gain spectra of Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA). [1][2][3] Silica based fibers have the disadvantage of having high energy phonons, which limits the rare earth ions that could be used to optical amplification. In order to broaden the amplification bandwidth of rare earth-doped fibers, fluoride and some heavy metal oxides have been studied, which are known to have low energy phonons.…”