Improvement of infrared single-photon detectors absorptance by integrated plasmonic structures

Csete, Mária; Sipos, Áron; Szalai, Anikó; Najafi, Faraz; Szabó, Gábor; Berggren, Karl K.

doi:10.1038/srep02406

Cited by 23 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…In our previous studies we have inspected versatile plasmonic structure integrated devices, such as (i) optical cavity integrated OC-SNSPD 17,18 , where the meandered NbN pattern is embedded into single continuous quarter-wavelength dielectric layer closed by a gold reflector, (ii) nano-cavity-array-integrated NCAI-SNSPD 19,20 comprising array of quarter-plasmonic-wavelength nano-cavities closed by vertical and horizontal segments, as well as (iii) nano-cavitydeflector-array integrated NCDAI-SNSPD 20 , consisting of longer vertical gold segments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasmon enhanced single-photon detection

2013

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Novel infrared superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) were designed, which comprise a meandered pattern of niobium-nitride (NbN) stripes and different integrated plasmonic structures on silica substrate. To enhance absorptance of 1550 nm wavelength p-polarized light, patterns with p=264 nm periodicity were investigated, while to enhance detection efficiency, patterns with P=792.5 nm periodicity commensurate with the wavelength of surface plasmon polaritons at silica-gold interface were also designed. In OC-SNSPDs integrated with ~quarter-photonicwavelength nano-optical cavity closed by a gold reflector, the highest 63/27 % absorptance was attained in p/P-pitch design at perpendicular incidence onto NbN patterns in P-orientation corresponding to incidence plane parallel to the stripes, due to the E-field antinode at the NbN-silica interface. In NCAI-SNSPDs, where each NbN stripe is located at the entrance of a quarter-plasmon-wavelength MIM nano-cavity, enhanced 85.1/34 % absorptance is attainable in p/Ppitch design at perpendicular incidence in S-orientation, when the incidence plane is perpendicular to the integrated pattern, due to collective resonances. The maximal 95.3/70.3 % absorptances are attained at large tilting corresponding to plasmonic Brewster angles via ultra-broadband tunneling. In NCDAI-SNSPDs the longer vertical gold segments with Ppitch, which can be embedded into the silica substrate via two-step lithography, enable to attain large absorptance at small polar angles in S-orientation, due to efficient grating-coupling phenomenon. The highest 92.7/75 % absorptances are attained at 19.85°/19.35° polar angles in p/P-pitch design. P-pitch NCDAI-SNSPD supporting coupled surface waves capable of ensuring synchronous E-field enhancement below the NbN stripes is proposed for detection efficiency maximization in specific spectral-bands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two periodicity intervals were inspected, the usual sub-wavelength ~200 nm pitch capable of maximizing absorptance [17][18][19][20] , and an approximately three-times larger periodicity commensurate with the plasmon wavelength, having potential to promote interaction with propagating surface modes 19,20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmon enhanced single-photon detection

2013

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“…The deflector's geometric properties were designed according to the literature about different types of plasmonic mirrors [2,3].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasmonic structures integrated into these detector's are capable of enhancing absorptance along with the reduction of kinetic inductance [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Plasmonic Structure Integrated Single-photon Detector Designs to Enhance Absorptance

Csete¹,

Szekeres²,

Bánhelyi³

et al. 2015

Advanced Photonics 2015

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“…To achieve the best tradeoff between high SDE and rapid response, much effort has been paid to optimize the structure, such as using nano-antennae, 9,10 nanocavities, 11,12 dividing into many pixels, 13,14 introducing plasmonics, 15 and embedding into photonic circuits. 16 However, it remains a slippery barrier in practical applications.…”

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High efficiency and rapid response superconducting NbN nanowire single photon detector based on asymmetric split ring metamaterial

Chen

Lü

2014

Applied Physics Letters

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With asymmetric split ring metamaterial periodically placed on top of the niobium nitride (NbN) nanowire meander, we theoretically propose a kind of metal-insulator-metallic metamaterial nanocavity to enhance absorbing efficiency and shorten response time of the superconducting NbN nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) operating at wavelength of 1550 nm. Up to 99.6% of the energy is absorbed and 96.5% dissipated in the nanowire. Meanwhile, taking advantage of this high efficiency absorbing cavity, we implement a more sparse arrangement of the NbN nanowire of the filling factor 0.2, which significantly lessens the nanowire and crucially boosts the response time to be only 40% of reset time in previous evenly spaced meander design. Together with trapped mode resonance, a standing wave oscillation mechanism is presented to explain the high efficiency and broad bandwidth properties. To further demonstrate the advantages of the nanocavity, a four-pixel SNSPD on 10 μm × 10 μm area is designed to further reduce 75% reset time while maintaining 70% absorbing efficiency. Utilizing the asymmetric split ring metamaterial, we show a higher efficiency and more rapid response SNSPD configuration to contribute to the development of single photon detectors.

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Improvement of infrared single-photon detectors absorptance by integrated plasmonic structures

Cited by 23 publications

References 63 publications

Plasmon enhanced single-photon detection

Plasmon enhanced single-photon detection

Optimization of Plasmonic Structure Integrated Single-photon Detector Designs to Enhance Absorptance

High efficiency and rapid response superconducting NbN nanowire single photon detector based on asymmetric split ring metamaterial

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