Improvement of Interfacial Properties and Bioactivity of CF/PEEK Composites by Rapid Biomineralization of Hydroxyapatite

Self Cite

To address the issue of inadequate interfacial adhesion in carbon fiber/poly ether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites, an innovative approach that combines carbene chemistry and sizing treatment was meticulously designed to achieve remarkable synergistic enhancement. Specifically, cyano groups were chemical‐grafted on CF surface via carbene reaction. Meanwhile, a water‐based self‐catalyzed cross‐linkable PENK‐NH2 sizing agent with good storage stability was prepared. Noteworthy, the presence of amino groups as blocking agents of sizing agent significantly accelerated the rate of cyano‐crosslinking, thus effectively avoiding the adverse effects of excessively prolonged cross‐linking period during composites preparation. As a result, robust interaction between cyano‐modified CF and PEEK was established by cross‐linking reaction, along with chemical bonds generated between amino groups of sizing agent and ketone groups in PEEK. The maximum interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF‐CN‐1.5/PEEK composites was 22.0% and 57.0% higher than CF‐1.5/PEEK and CF/PEEK composites. Furthermore, the presence of cyano‐cross‐linked structure endowed interphase with outstanding solvent‐resistance, the mechanical properties of CF composites after solvent treatment were well‐preserved. The strong synergistic interfacial interactions facilitated by chemical bonds in different components provide an effective and fascinating methodology for producing high‐performance CF/composites.Highlights Water‐based self‐catalyzed cross‐linkable PENK‐NH2 sizing agents for CF/PEEK were prepared. NH2 was introduced to avoid the adverse effects of prolonged cyano‐crosslinking. Designed carbenoid motif with cyano group was grafted on CF via carbene chemistry. The interaction between sizing agent and CF was boosted by the cyano‐crosslinking. Mechanical properties of sized composites corroded by solvent were well‐preserved.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic enhancement of interfacial adhesion for CF/PEEK composites through carbene chemistry and water‐based self‐catalyzed cross‐linkable PENK‐NH₂ sizing agent

Guo,

Pei,

Dai

et al. 2024

Self Cite

“…Mechanical bonding theory is the most intuitive macroscopic theory of the interfaces of CF/PEEK composites. Due to the roughness of CF surface and the capillary action of CF bundle, the PEEK matrix mechanically meshes with CF surface, making it have good interface bonding strength 27 . With the increase of CF surface roughness, the effective contact area and mechanical meshing between CF and PEEK matrix increase, which is conducive to improving the interfacial bond strength of CF/PEEK composites.…”

Section: Interfacial Interaction Theory Of Cf/peek Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial strengthening and processing of carbon fibers reinforced poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) composites: A mini‐review

Dang,

Sun,

Liu

2024

Carbon fibers/poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (CF/PEEK) composites have the advantages of excellent impact resistance, good moisture and heat resistance, ultra‐short molding cycle and recyclable secondary processing. Therefore, the investigation on CF/PEEK composites is an important development direction of low‐cost and high‐performance polymer‐based composites. However, due to the strong surface inertness of CF and the poor interface compatibility between CF and PEEK matrix, the mechanical properties of CF/PEEK composites are low. Moreover, PEEK matrix has the high melting point and large viscosity, making the processing of CF/PEEK composites very difficult. In this paper, the factors affecting the interfacial properties of CF/PEEK composites, the surface functionalization modification methods of CF, and the design & synthesis of interfacial compatibilizer are reviewed. The research progress and related academic achievements in interfacial strengthening and additive manufacturing technology of CF/PEEK composites are emphatically discussed. Finally, the development trends and application prospects of CF/PEEK composites are summarized.Highlights CF/PEEK composite is the key material for industry and infrastructure. The factors affecting the interface interaction between PEEK and CF. The methods of interface strengthening for CF/PEEK composites. The additive manufacturing technology of CF/PEEK composites. The development trends and application of CF/PEEK composites.

“…Biomineralization is the process of formation of minerals with hierarchical structures and unique functions under the control of organic substrates and biomolecules in living organisms 21,22 . Biomineralized composites exhibit higher fracture toughness, strength, rigidity, and hardness than conventionally synthesized materials 23,24 . For example, a report published in Nature states that diatoms protect themselves by forming high‐strength, lightweight structures called frustules; these frustules have nano‐to‐micro structures and are formed via biomineralization 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22 Biomineralized composites exhibit higher fracture toughness, strength, rigidity, and hardness than conventionally synthesized materials. 23,24 For example, a report published in Nature states that diatoms protect themselves by forming high-strength, lightweight structures called frustules; these frustules have nano-to-micro structures and are formed via biomineralization. 25 Inspired by diatom biomineralization, bio-based tannic acid (TA) with good adhesion and promising corrosion inhibition ability was employed as an organic template to control the development of SiO 2 through biomimetic mineralization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic mineralization of silicon dioxide onto carbon fiber for elevated interfacial properties and hydrothermal aging resistance of carbon fiber/epoxy composites

Yan,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Self Cite

A carbon fiber‐tannic acid‐silicon dioxide (CF‐TA‐SiO2) reinforcement with a “diatom frustule‐like” structure was built via biomimetic mineralization to boost the performance of carbon fiber/epoxy resin (CF/EP) composites. As a bio‐based polyphenolic compound, TA was used to modulate the mineralization of SiO2, and the easy agglomeration of SiO2 was effectively avoided. The interfacial adhesion of the CF/EP composites was considerably heightened by improving the roughness and wettability of CF as well as by increasing the interfacial interactions between CF and the EP. Compared with the pristine composites, the flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength and interfacial shear strength of the CF‐TA‐SiO2/EP composites increased by 41.2%, 56.6%, and 50.4%, respectively. Moreover, the introduction of Si‐O‐Si and C‐O‐Si bonds at the interface led to a remarkable improvement in the hydrothermal aging resistance. This research provides a novel interfacial design for advanced composites with excellent interfacial properties, which broadens the application of these composites in hygrothermal environments.Highlights A “diatom frustules‐like” structure was successfully constructed on the CF surface. This biomimetic mineralization was simple and environmentally friendly. This method solved the problem of easy agglomeration of SiO2. The interfacial properties of composites were obviously improved. The hydrothermal aging resistance of composites was enhanced.