Improvement of natural graphite as a lithium-ion battery anode material, from raw flake to carbon-coated sphereElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: colour versions of Figs. 6, 8 and 9. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b3/b316702j/

Yoshio, Masaki; Wang, Hongyu; Fukuda, Kenji; Umeno, Tatsuo; Abe, Takeshi; Ogumi, Zempachi

doi:10.1039/b316702j

Cited by 257 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Various attempts to improve the Li + storage capacity and cyclability of carbonaceous materials, such as decreasing the particle size, 5 using porous forms of carbon, 3,9 coating with hard carbon, 10,11 and employment of one-dimensional (1D) hybrid carbonaceous materials, [12][13][14] have been reported. However, they are still not satisfactory, due to the poor cycling stability, cost of manufacturing, and/or insufficient capacity improvement.…”

Section: 89mentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO2(B)@carbon composite nanowires as anode for lithium ion batteries with enhanced reversible capacity and cyclic performance

Yang

Guo

et al. 2011

J. Mater. Chem.

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Novel TiO 2 (B)@carbon composite nanowires were simply prepared by a two-step hydrothermal process with subsequent heat treatment in argon. The nanostructures exhibit the unique feature of having TiO 2 (B) encapsulated inside and an amorphous carbon layer coating the outside. The unique core/shell structure and chemical composition is likely to lead to perfect performance in many applications. In this paper, the results of Li-ion battery testing are presented to demonstrate the superior cyclic performance and rate capability of the TiO 2 (B)@carbon nanowires. The composite nanowires exhibit a high reversible capacity of 560 mAh g À1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 30 mA g À1, and excellent cycling stability and rate capability (200 mAh g À1 when cycled at the current density of 750 mA g À1), indicating that the composite is a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries.

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Section: 89mentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO2(B)@carbon composite nanowires as anode for lithium ion batteries with enhanced reversible capacity and cyclic performance

Yang

Guo

et al. 2011

J. Mater. Chem.

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“…Moreover, typical Sn, SnO 2 and Sn-based alloy anodes are prepared by using the conventional lamination method which involves slurry preparation (grinding, mixing with binders and solvents), laminating, drying, heating etc. 4 In this work we present a new, one step microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) of nano-dispersed tin-carbon composite thin-film anodes for Li-ion batteries. This experimental approach provides an easy, fast and inexpensive method for the direct formation of thin films of uniformly distributed ultra-fine grains of metal within an electronically conductive graphitic matrix [59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An extensive number of experimental approaches have been proposed to increase the anode's electrochemical capacity [1,2]. Several modifications of carbons [3,4,5,6,7], nitrides [8,9], oxides [10,11,12,13,14] or alloying of lithium with metals such an Si [15], Sn [16] and Al [17] were proposed. Among them, tin seems to be particularly attractive since it easily and reversibly alloys with Li atoms at potentials <1.1 V vs. Li.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition of nano-structured Sn/C composite thin-film anodes for Li-ion batteries

Marcinek

Hardwick

Richardson

et al. 2007

Journal of Power Sources

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In this paper we report results of a novel synthesis method of thin-film composite Sn/C anodes for lithium batteries. Thin layers of graphitic carbon decorated with uniformly distributed Sn nanoparticles were synthesized from a solid organic precursor Sn(IV) tert-butoxide by a one step microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The thin-film Sn/C electrodes were electrochemically tested in lithium half cells and produced a reversible capacity of 440 and 297 mAhg -1 at C/25 and 5C discharge rates, respectively. A long term cycling of the Sn/C nanocomposite anodes showed 40% capacity loss after 500 cycles at 1C rate.

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“…7,8 The traditional commercial anode materials for LIBs, such as graphite microspheres (GMs) and mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMBs), however, have relatively low capacity (only 372 mA h g -1 , corresponding to a fully lithiated state of LiC6), so that they are not suitable for future LIBs with high energy density and large power output. [9][10][11] To further increase the energy density of LIBs for the above-mentioned applications, alloy-type anodes such as Si, Ge, and Sn have been extensively explored because of their high capacity. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Among them, Si is a promising candidate to replace the traditional graphite anode for high-capacity LIBs, since it has 10 times (～4200 mA h g -1 ) higher specific capacity through forming the alloy Li22Si5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Si-containing precursors for Si-based anode materials of Li-ion batteries: A review

Zhang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2016

Energy Storage Materials

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Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density are in demand for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale stationary energy storage. Si is one of the most promising anode materials due to its extremely high specific capacity. However, the full application of Si-based anode materials is limited by poor cycle life and rate capability resulted from low ionic/electronic conductivity and large volume change over cycling. In recent years, great progress has been made in improving the performance of Si anodes by employing nanotechnology. The preparation methods are essentially important, in which the precursors used are crucial to design and control the microstructure for the Si-based materials. In this review, we provide comprehensive summary and comment on different Si-containing precursors for preparation of nanosized Si-based anode materials and focus on the corresponding electrochemical performances in lithium-ion batteries. Bulk sized silicon, silicon wafer and silicon microparticles are generally used as starting materials to synthesize porous or nanosized silicon, and the routes for the synthesis are rather mature and commercially available. Silica is also commonly used to form silicon by conversion through a facile magnesiothermic reduction. Silica derivation from natural resources, especially from rice husks, is much more sustainable and lower cost than alternative methods, which attracts considerable research attention. In addition, gaseous Si-based sources like SiH4, Si2H6 and SiHxCly, liquid silicon sources like trisilane and phenylsilane and elemental silicon have successfully used to prepare nanosized or carbon-coated silicon. Further considerations on massive production possibility have also been presented. Si-Containing Precursors for Si-Based Anode Materials of Li-Ion Batteries AbstractLithium-ion batteries with high energy density and large power output are in demand for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale stationary energy storage. Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials because it has 10 times higher specific capacity than that of the commercial graphitic carbon anode. Unfortunately, the practical utilization of silicon-based anode materials is still hindered by its low electronic conductivity and high capacity fading rate due to the large volume changes upon insertion and extraction of Li ions during cycling. Introducing porous structure, along with decreasing the dimension of Si-based materials to nanosize, is an effective way to address these problems. During the past decade, tremendous attention has been paid to improve Si anodes so as to give them better electrochemical performance. In this review, we focus the Si-containing precursors for preparation of Si-based anode materials.3

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Improvement of natural graphite as a lithium-ion battery anode material, from raw flake to carbon-coated sphereElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: colour versions of Figs. 6, 8 and 9. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b3/b316702j/

Cited by 257 publications

References 9 publications

TiO2(B)@carbon composite nanowires as anode for lithium ion batteries with enhanced reversible capacity and cyclic performance

TiO2(B)@carbon composite nanowires as anode for lithium ion batteries with enhanced reversible capacity and cyclic performance

Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition of nano-structured Sn/C composite thin-film anodes for Li-ion batteries

Si-containing precursors for Si-based anode materials of Li-ion batteries: A review

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